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History of Mexico --- anno 1800-1899 --- Caudillos --- Populism --- Democracy --- History. --- Caudillos - Mexico - History. --- Populism - Mexico - History. --- Democracy - Mexico - History.

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Caudillos --- Politicians --- Hommes politiques --- Biography --- Biographie --- Biographies --- Mexico --- Mexique --- Politics and government --- History --- Politique et gouvernement --- Histoire --- History of Mexico --- anno 1900-1999 --- Biography.

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Born in La Paz in 1792, Andrés de Santa Cruz lived through the turbulent times that led to independence across Latin America. He fought to shape the newly established republics, and between 1836 and 1839 he created the Peru-Bolivia Confederation. The epitome of an Andean caudillo, with armed forces at the center of his ideas of governance, he was a state builder whose ambition ensured a strong and well-administered country. But the ultimate failure of the Confederation had long-reaching consequences that still have an impact today. The story of his life introduces students to broader questions of nationality and identity during this turbulent transition from Spanish colonial rule to the founding of Peru and Bolivia.

Caudillos --- Marshals --- Presidents --- Air marshals --- Field marshals --- Armies --- Generals --- Dictators --- Politicians --- Staffs --- Santa Cruz, Andrés, --- Calahumana, Andrés Santa Cruz y, --- Cruz, Andrés Santa, --- De Santa Cruz, Andrés, --- Santa Cruz, --- Santa Cruz y Calahumana, Andrés, --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- South America --- Bolivia --- Peru --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation, 1836-1839 --- Confederación Perú-Boliviana --- Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation --- Independence, War of, South America, 1806-1830 --- Spain --- Wars of Independence, South America, 1806-1830 --- History. --- History --- Autonomy and independence movements. --- Politics and government --- Arts and Humanities --- Santa Cruz, Andres,

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The last four years have seen a remarkable resurgence of democracy in the Southern Cone of the Americas. Military regimes have been replaced in Argentina (1983), Uruguay (1985), and Brazil (1985). Despite great interest in these new democracies, the role of the military in the process of transition has been under-theorized and under-researched. Alfred Stepan, one of the best-known analysts of the military in politics, examines some of the reasons for this neglect and takes a new look at themes raised in his earlier work on the state, the breakdown of democracy, and the military. The reader of this book will gain a fresh understanding of new democracies and democratic movements throughout the world and their attempts to understand and control the military. An earlier version of this book has been a controversial best seller in Brazil.To examine the Brazilian case, the author uses a variety of new archival material and interviews, with comparative data from Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, and Spain. Brazilian military leaders had consolidated their hold on governmental power by strengthening the military-crafted intelligence services, but they eventually found these same intelligence systems to be a formidable threat. Professor Stepan explains how redemocratization occurred as the military reached into the civil sector for allies in its struggle against the growing influence of the intelligence community. He also explores dissension within the military and the continuing conflicts between the military and the civilian government.

Political systems --- Brazil --- Civil-military relations --- History --- Southern Cone of South America --- Politics and government --- Politics and government. --- Armed Forces --- Political activity --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- Cone Sul (South America) --- Cono Sur (South America) --- Cono Sur de América --- South America, Southern --- South America, Southern Cone of --- South American Southern Cone --- Southern Cone (South America) --- Southern South America --- al-Barāzīl --- Barāzīl --- Brasil --- Brasile --- Brasilia --- Brasilië --- Brasilien --- Brazili --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilia --- Brazilië --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Brazylia --- Brésil --- Burajiru --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Pa-hsi --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Pindorama --- República Federal del Brasil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Бразілія --- Федеративна република Бразилия --- Федерациэм Республикэ Бразил --- Бразил --- Бразили --- Бразили Федеративлă Республики --- Бразилия --- Бразилия Федератив Республикаhы --- Бразілія --- البرازيل --- برازيل --- ブラジル --- Alfonsín, President Raul. --- Argentina. --- Brookings Institution. --- Brumairean moments. --- Chile. --- Constituent Assembly. --- Dominican Republic. --- ESEDENA (Uruguay). --- England. --- Fifth Institutional Act. --- Gallup Poll. --- Geisel, General Orlando. --- Herzog, Vladimir. --- India. --- Institute of Military Engineering. --- Jornal do Brasil. --- Kucinski, Bernardo. --- Linz, Juan. --- Maluf, Paulo. --- Malvinas war. --- Mexico. --- Mindlin, José. --- Montoro, Franco. --- National Security Law of 1978. --- Nigeria. --- O’Donnell, Guillermo. --- Pacto del Club Naval. --- Riocentro incident. --- Surinam. --- Tupamaro guerrillas. --- Veja. --- guerrilla conflict. --- labor movement. --- polity, arenas of. --- Gouvernement militaire --- Democratie --- Politisches System --- Militär --- Demokratisierung --- Civil-military relations. --- HISTORY / Latin America / General --- Political participation --- Études comparatives. --- Political activity. --- Amerique latine --- Bresil --- Amerique du Sud --- Südamerika --- Brazil. --- South America --- Politique et gouvernement --- Forces armees --- Activite politique --- Gesellschaft --- Demokratie --- Heerwesen --- Kriegswesen --- Streitkräfte --- Wehrwesen --- Armee --- Rüstung --- Regierungsform --- Regierungssystem --- Staat --- Staatsform --- Herrschaftssystem --- Contribution au concept de démocratie --- Democracy --- Démocraties --- Et la démocratie --- Gouvernements démocratiques --- Nouvelles démocraties --- Régimes démocratiques --- Dictature militaire --- Pouvoir militaire --- Régimes militaires --- Chefs militaires --- Occupation militaire --- Relations pouvoir civil-pouvoir militaire --- Seigneurs de la guerre --- Caudillos --- Régimes politiques --- Aspect religieux --- Amérique espagnole --- Pays de langue espagnole --- Amérique centrale --- Amérique du Sud --- Pays de l'Alliance du Pacifique --- Antilles hispaniques --- Amérique --- Amérique (sud) --- Amérique latine --- Amazonie --- Andes (région) --- Brésil --- Cône Sud de l'Amérique du Sud --- Guyanes --- Brasili --- Brazilii͡ --- Brazilii͡a Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Federale Republiek van Brasili --- Federativna republika Brazilii͡ --- Federat͡siėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai͡a Rėspublika Brazilii͡ --- Imperio do Brazil --- République Fédérative du Brésil --- República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil --- Estados Unidos do Brasil --- República Federal do Brasil --- Föderative Republik Brasilien --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Imperio do Brasil --- République des Etats-Unis du Brésil --- Vereinigtes Königreich von Portugal, Brasilien und den Algarven --- Brasilianer --- 1822 --- -Südliches Südamerika --- Amazonie (Brésil) --- Brésil (centre-ouest) --- Brésil (nord-est) --- Brésil (sud) --- Brésil (sud-est) --- Pays BRICS --- Frontières --- Démocratie et sciences --- Égalité --- Femmes et démocratie --- Illibéralisme --- Liberté --- Peuple --- Représentation politique --- République --- Suffrage universel --- Démocratie --- Démocratie directe --- Démocratie électronique --- Démocratie liquide --- Démocratie locale --- Démocratie participative --- Démocratisation --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Régimes représentatifs --- Idées politiques --- Religion --- Militärwesen --- O'Donnell, Guillermo.