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Sur les cols pittoresques du Caucase du Nord et dans les vallées de ses rivières impétueuses habitent plus de cent peuples et peuplades, qui font l'objet du présent travail. Ils parlent différentes langues, et il arrive souvent qu'un aoul n'en comprenne pas un autre. Les montagnards caucasiens ont conservé des us et des coutumes, qui plongent souvent leurs racines dans les premières civilisations de l’humanité. En dépit de leur diversité ethnique et linguistique, les montagnards caucasiens ont élaboré, durant des siècles de leur vie commune dans les montagnes, un droit coutumier, qui les unissait et qu'ils devaient suivre, quels que soient leur statut ou leur situation matérielle. Parmi les règles principales de ce droit coutumier étaient : l'égalité, la liberté, le respect de la vieillesse et de la femme, l'hospitalité... Actuellement, ils sont musulmans, soufis, hormis approximativement 60 % d'Ossètes, qui sont chrétiens orthodoxes. Or au fil de leur histoire multiséculaire, ils ont côtoyé trois religions, les uns plus longtemps que les autres : le polythéisme (leur religion « naturelle »), le christianisme, puis l'islam. Dans cet ouvrage est décrite la rivalité, qui a duré presque mille trois cents ans, entre différents empires (Byzance, Iran, Turquie et Russie), qui ont essayé d’imposer, avec leur suprématie, leurs religions respectives : le christianisme, puis l’islam. Sont également présentées les raisons du passage des montagnards d'une religion à l'autre et pourquoi ils ont finalement adopté l'islam soufi.
Caucasus --- Caucase --- Social life and customs --- Religion --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) --- Ethnic relations --- Religious life and customs --- Civilization --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) - Ethnic relations --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) - Religion --- Caucasus - Social life and customs --- Caucasus - Religious life and customs --- Caucasus - Civilization
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939.55 --- 939.54 --- Civilization, Medieval --- -947.5086 --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Geschiedenis van Armenië --- Geschiedenis van Iberië, Georgië --- Congresses --- History of Europe Caucasus --- History --- Caucasus --- Caucasia --- Caucasus Mountains --- Caucasus Region --- Kavkaz --- -Congresses. --- Congresses. --- 939.54 Geschiedenis van Iberië, Georgië --- 939.55 Geschiedenis van Armenië --- Europe --- Caucase --- Histoire --- 947.5086 --- Civilisation --- Civilization, Medieval - Congresses --- Caucasus - Civilization - Congresses --- Caucasus - History - Congresses
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This unique collection of essays by leading international scholars gives a profound introduction into the great diversity and richness of facets forming the study of one of earth’s most exciting areas, the Iranian and Caucasian lands. Each of the 37 contributions sheds light on a very special topic, the range of which comprises historical, cultural, ethnographical, religious, political and last but not least literary and linguistic issues, beginning from the late antiquity up to current times. Especially during the last decennia these two regions gained greater interest worldwide due to several developments in politics and culture. This fact grants the book, intended as a festschrift for Prof. Garnik Asatrian, a special relevance.
Iran. --- Caucasus. --- Iran --- Caucasus --- Caucasia --- Caucasus Mountains --- Caucasus Region --- Kavkaz --- South Caucasus --- Russia (Federation) --- Êran --- I-lang --- I.R.A. --- I.R.I. --- Ir --- IRI --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai͡a Respublika Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Northern Tier --- Paras --- Paras-Iran --- Persia --- Persia-Iran --- República Islâmica do Ir --- Civilization. --- History. --- Iran - Civilization --- Iran - History --- Caucasus - Civilization --- Caucasus - History
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The internment of civilian and military prisoners became an increasingly common feature of conflicts in the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. Prison camps, though often hastily constructed and just as quickly destroyed, have left their marks in the archaeological record. Due to both their temporary nature and their often sensitive political contexts, places of internment present a unique challenge to archaeologists and heritage managers. As archaeologists have begun to explore the material remains of internment using a range of methods, these interdisciplinary studies have demonstrated the potential to connect individual memories and historical debates to the fragmentary material remains. Archaeologies of Internment brings together in one volume a range of methodological and theoretical approaches to this developing field. The contributions are geographically and temporally diverse, ranging from Second World War internment in Europe and the USA to prison islands of the Greek Civil War, South African labor camps, and the secret detention centers of the Argentinean Junta and the East German Stasi. These studies have powerful social, cultural, political, and emotive implications, particularly in societies in which historical narratives of oppression and genocide have themselves been suppressed. By repopulating the historical narratives with individuals and grounding them in the material remains, it is hoped that they might become, at least in some cases, archaeologies of liberation.
Caucasus -- Civilization. --- Caucasus -- Ethnic relations. --- Caucasus -- History. --- Archaeology --- Archaeology and history --- Material culture --- Concentration camps --- Prisoner-of-war camps --- Imprisonment --- War and society --- Anthropology --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- History & Archaeology --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Social & Cultural Anthropology --- Social aspects --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Archaeology. --- Archeology --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Social sciences. --- Cultural heritage. --- Social Sciences. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas
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