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Productivity Shocks and Repayment Behavior in Rural Credit Markets : A Framed Field Experiment
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Improving rural credit markets requires a good understanding of the root causes of market failures and taking necessary steps to address them. This paper investigates the role of productivity shocks in borrowers' repayment choices. Using a framed field experiment that simulated a repeated interaction in an input credit market, the analysis finds strong evidence that negative productivity shocks lead to higher default, even when they do not induce negative returns. This relationship is robust to the presence of an information exchange system enforcing dynamic incentives. The findings suggest that recurrent agricultural production shocks resulting from the negative effects of climate change could exacerbate failures in rural credit markets, undermining hard-won progress toward rural financial inclusion.


Book
Maize for the Gods
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ISBN: 9780520286962 9780520276871 0520286960 0520276876 9780520961692 0520961692 Year: 2015 Publisher: Oakland, California

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Maize is the world's most productive food and industrial crop, grown in more than 160 countries and on every continent except Antarctica. If by some catastrophe maize were to disappear from our food supply chain, vast numbers of people would starve and global economies would rapidly collapse. How did we come to be so dependent on this one plant?Maize for the Gods brings together new research by archaeologists, archaeobotanists, plant geneticists, and a host of other specialists to explore the complex ways that this single plant and the peoples who domesticated it came to be inextricably entangled with one another over the past nine millennia. Tracing maize from its first appearance and domestication in ancient campsites and settlements in Mexico to its intercontinental journey through most of North and South America, this history also tells the story of the artistic creativity, technological prowess, and social, political, and economic resilience of America's first peoples.


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The economy of promises : trust, power, and credit in America
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ISBN: 0691236216 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton, N. J. : Princeton University Press,

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"Bruce Carruthers organizes his analysis around different types of credit, offering a roughly chronological discussion of each. The U.S. has always had an economy based on promises, but the manner in which questions about trust and trustworthiness have been posed and answered has evolved in important ways. Their evolution and expansion undergirded the rise of the modern credit economy, but it wasn't a smooth ride forward. Financial crises signalled the widespread collapse of promises, and a collective disbelief in their credibility. Frequently, these collapses motivated public and private attempts to build new institutional scaffolding in support of promises: the 1837 crisis prompted the development of credit ratings; the depression of the 1890s justified passage of a permanent bankruptcy law; the 1907 crisis led to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System; and the Great Depression led to a multitude of public policies in support of financial promises. At various points, political groups perceived the financial system to be deeply unfair, one that privileged some over others. During the 1880s and 1890s, agrarian groups and populists attacked a monetary and banking system that failed to give them adequate credit. During the 1960s and 1970s, women and minorities criticized a discriminatory financial system that denied them full access to consumer and mortgage credit. In The Economy of Promises, Carruthers describes the changes that have occurred, spell out their implications, and explain their significance"--

Keywords

Credit --- Trust --- History. --- Economic aspects. --- Asset. --- Bank charge. --- Bank. --- Bond (finance). --- Business model. --- Capital adequacy ratio. --- Capital employed. --- Capital expenditure. --- Capital intensity. --- Cash crop. --- Cash flow. --- Commerce Clause. --- Commercial Credit. --- Commodity market. --- Commodity. --- Competition (economics). --- Consumerism. --- Credit (finance). --- Credit Insurance. --- Credit risk. --- Creditor. --- Crony capitalism. --- Currency. --- Current Price. --- Debt limit. --- Debt. --- Debtor. --- Diversification (finance). --- Economic Life. --- Economic development. --- Economic forecasting. --- Economic indicator. --- Economic interventionism. --- Economic policy. --- Economic sector. --- Economics. --- Economy of the United States. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Exchange rate. --- Fee Income. --- Financial capital. --- Financial inclusion. --- Financial institution. --- Financial instrument. --- Financial intermediary. --- Financial services. --- Financial statement. --- Financial technology. --- Financier. --- Floating interest rate. --- Gross (economics). --- Gross Earnings. --- Gross domestic product. --- Guaranteed Loan. --- Income. --- Inflation. --- Insider Lending. --- Interest rate. --- Investment fund. --- Investment strategy. --- Investor. --- Margin (finance). --- Mark-to-market accounting. --- Market liquidity. --- Market price. --- Market rate. --- Market value. --- Mass production. --- Measures of national income and output. --- Monetarism. --- Money market account. --- Money market. --- Mortgage loan. --- Net capital rule. --- Net income. --- Payment. --- Policy. --- Price index. --- Pricing. --- Prime rate. --- Public finance. --- Purchase Price. --- Purchasing power. --- Rate of profit. --- Rate of return. --- Real interest rate. --- Relative value (economics). --- Repayment. --- Revenue bond. --- Securitization. --- Shareholder. --- Subsidy. --- Supply-side economics. --- Tax bracket. --- Tax reform. --- Trade credit. --- Value (economics). --- Working capital. --- World economy.


Book
The great divergence : China, Europe, and the making of the modern world economy
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ISBN: 069121719X Year: 2021 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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"A landmark comparative history of Europe and China that examines why the Industrial Revolution emerged in the West"--

Keywords

Economic development. --- Segle XVIII-Segle XIX --- Europe --- China --- Europa --- Economic conditions --- Agriculture. --- Backwardness. --- Beijing. --- Calculation. --- Capital accumulation. --- Capital good. --- Capitalism. --- Cash crop. --- Central Asia. --- China. --- Coal. --- Commercialization. --- Commodity. --- Competition. --- Consumer Goods. --- Consumerism. --- Consumption (economics). --- Continental Europe. --- Crop residue. --- Crop rotation. --- Debt. --- Deforestation. --- Depreciation. --- Division of labour. --- Early modern Europe. --- East Asia. --- Eastern Europe. --- Ecology. --- Economic growth. --- Economics. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Europe. --- Expense. --- Famine. --- Fertilizer. --- Fossil fuel. --- Fuel. --- Great Divergence. --- Guangdong. --- Guangxi. --- Habib's. --- Handicraft. --- Hectare. --- Household. --- Income distribution. --- Income. --- Industrial Revolution. --- Industrialisation. --- Industrious Revolution. --- Industry. --- Institution. --- Laborer. --- Life expectancy. --- Livestock. --- Luxury goods. --- Malthusian catastrophe. --- Manure. --- Market economy. --- Measures of national income and output. --- Mining. --- New World Resources. --- Nitrogen. --- North America. --- North India. --- Output (economics). --- Peasant. --- Percentage. --- Plough. --- Political economy. --- Population growth. --- Precious metal. --- Primary sector of the economy. --- Proto-industrialization. --- Quantity. --- Raw material. --- Saving. --- Shaanxi. --- Shandong. --- Shortage. --- Sichuan. --- Slavery. --- Southeast Asia. --- Soybean. --- Standard of living. --- Supply (economics). --- Tael. --- Tariff. --- Tax. --- Technological change. --- Technology. --- Textile. --- The Other Hand. --- Wealth. --- Western Europe. --- Wheat. --- World economy. --- Year.

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