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The gut is colonized by bacteria living in symbiosis with the host, forming the gut microbiota. It is considered a therapeutic target since it plays a crucial role in energetic homeostasis, endocrine functions and the immune system and maintains the integrity of the barrier function. Cancer cachexia is a syndrome composed of loss of lean and fat mass, anorexia, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. There is no curative treatment today, although this syndrome highly reduces the quality of life of patients and is responsible for 20 % of the deaths antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. K oxytoca has been administrated to mice to determine the impact of this bacterium on cellular proliferation, the morphology and the barrier function of the gut, the immune system, as well as the muscle atrophy observed in cancer cachexia. The administration of K oxytoca does not exacerbate the cancer cachexia since there is no accentuation of the muscle atrophy, nor a significant impact on the immune system of the diseased mice. However, this bacterium could participate in the alteration of the barrier function since the depth of the crypts and the expression of Mki67 are increased in the ileum of the cachectic mice that received K. Oxytoca. Furthermore, there is a significant presence of bacteria in the mesenteric lymph nodes of these mice compared to the lice that did not received the supplementation of bacteria. This suggests that K oxytoca could impact the host’s gut barrier only in the conditions of cancer cachexia, with a high level of this bacterium in the gut. Le microbiote intestinal est composé d’un ensemble de bactéries qui vivent en symbiose avec l’hôte. Un dialogue existe entre le microbiote intestinal et certains organes présents en dehors de l’intestin, raison pour laquelle le microbiote intestinal est un cible thérapeutique intéressante qui pourrait, une fois le profil modifié, contribuer au bon état de santé de l’hôte. Les patients atteints de cachexie cancéreuse présentent un syndrome regroupant les phénomènes de perte de masse maigre et de masse grasse, une résistance à l’insuline, une anorexie et une inflammation systémique. La recherche d’un traitement curatif semble cruciale car les personnes qui en souffrent présentent une qualité de vie fortement diminuée. La cachexie est responsable de 20% des décès des patients cancéreux et il n’existe pas encore de remède à l’heure actuelle. La transposition de la cachexie cancéreuse chez la souris par le modèle C26 a permis de détecter une perturbation de la composition du microbiote intestinal, appelée dysbiose, caractérisée par une augmentation de la présence d’entérobactéries, en particulier Klebsiella oxytoca. Il s’agit d’un pathobiont responsable de colite hémorragique associée à une prise d’antibiotiques et d’infections nosocomiales. K. oxytoca a été administrée à des souris saines et cancéreuses cachectiques afin de déterminer son impact sur la fonction barrière, la prolifération cellulaire et la morphologie de l’intestin, l’atrophie musculaire observée lors de cachexie cancéreuse et le système immunitaire. L’administration de K. oxytoca n’a pas aggravé l’état cachectique des souris cancéreuses étant donné qu’il n’y a pas d’exacerbation de l’atrophie musculaire présente en cas de cachexie cancéreuse, ni d’impact significatif sur le système immunitaire des souris. Cependant, cette bactérie pourrait participer à l’altération de la barrière intestinale via une augmentation significative de l’expression de Mki67, de la profondeur des cryptes intestinales ainsi que la présence de bactéries dans les ganglions mésentériques. K. oxytoca pourrait donc induire des altérations de la barrière intestinale dans des conditions de cachexie cancéreuse avec un taux élevé de cette bactérie au sein du microbiote intestinal. En conclusion, les données obtenues au cours de ce mémoire suggèrent qu’une bactérie augmentée en cas de cachexie, K. oxytoca, contribue aux altérations de l’intestin observée dans ce modèle.
Klebsiella oxytoca --- Gastrointestinal Microbiome --- Cachexia --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- beta-Defensins
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Biological Assay --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Carcinogenicity testing --- Carcinogens, Environmental --- Organic Chemicals --- Public Health --- Analysis --- Toxicity
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Carcinogenicity Tests --- Carcinogens --- Mutagenicity Tests --- Mutagens --- Toxicology --- Toxicologie --- methods. --- toxicity. --- Mechanism of action. --- Mechanism of action
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Antibiotics --- Carcinogenicity --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Carcinogens --- chemically induced --- Neoplasms, Experimental --- Nitrofurans --- Nitrofurantoin --- toxicity --- Toxicity testing
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Carcinogenesis --- Carcinogenicity testing --- Vinyl chloride --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Carcinogens --- Vinyl Chloride --- Toxicology --- toxicity
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NEOPLASMS --- RISK FACTORS --- CARCINOGENICITY TESTS --- ASBESTOS --- ELEMENTS (CHEMISTRY) --- ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS --- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION --- CHEMICALLY INDUCED
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Oncology. Neoplasms --- Toxicology --- Kanker --- Chemische stoffen --- Cancer --- Produits chimiques --- Chromium --- Congresses --- Nickel --- Welding --- Health aspects --- Risk factors --- Carcinogens --- CARCINOGENICITY TESTS --- NEOPLASMS --- CHROMIUM --- NICKEL --- WELDING --- RISK FACTORS --- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION --- CHEMICALLY INDUCED
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Carcinogenicity Tests --- Carcinogens --- Cobalt --- Gallium --- Indium --- Risk Assessment --- Vanadium Compounds --- Carcinogens. --- Arsenic --- Indium. --- Gallium. --- Vanadium compounds. --- Tungsten. --- Cancérogènes. --- Vanadium --- Tungstène. --- Zware metalen. --- Carcinogeniteit. --- toxicity --- adverse effects --- Physiological effect. --- Health aspects. --- Effets physiologiques. --- Aspect sanitaire. --- Composés.
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Oncology. Neoplasms --- Toxicology --- Carcinogenicity Tests. --- Coffee --- Tea --- Xanthines --- Kanker --- Voeding --- Chemische stoffen --- Carcinogen Tests --- Carcinogenesis Tests --- Carcinogenic Activity Tests --- Carcinogenic Potency Tests --- Tumorigenicity Tests --- Carcinogen Test --- Carcinogenesis Test --- Carcinogenic Activity Test --- Carcinogenic Potency Test --- Carcinogenicity Test --- Potency Test, Carcinogenic --- Potency Tests, Carcinogenic --- Test, Carcinogen --- Test, Carcinogenesis --- Test, Carcinogenic Activity --- Test, Carcinogenic Potency --- Test, Carcinogenicity --- Test, Tumorigenicity --- Tests, Carcinogen --- Tests, Carcinogenesis --- Tests, Carcinogenic Activity --- Tests, Carcinogenic Potency --- Tests, Carcinogenicity --- Tests, Tumorigenicity --- Tumorigenicity Test --- Mutagenicity Tests --- adverse effects. --- Cancer --- Alimentation/Nutrition --- Produits chimiques --- Conferences - Meetings --- Mate (Tea) --- Congresses --- Methylxanthines --- Methylglyoxal --- Risk factors --- Carcinogens --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- adverse effects
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Mutagenicity Tests. --- Kanker --- Tests, Genetic Toxicity --- Toxicity Tests, Genetic --- Genetic Toxicity Tests --- Genotoxicity Tests --- Mutagen Screening --- Genetic Toxicity Test --- Genotoxicity Test --- Mutagen Screenings --- Mutagenicity Test --- Screening, Mutagen --- Screenings, Mutagen --- Test, Genotoxicity --- Tests, Genotoxicity --- Toxicity Test, Genetic --- Carcinogenicity Tests --- Cancer --- Carcinogenicity testing. --- Carcinogenicity testing --- Mutagenicity Tests --- Carcinogenesis --- Carcinogenic activity testing --- Carcinogens --- Testing for carcinogenicity --- Chronic toxicity testing --- Oncology, Experimental --- Testing
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