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OECD's Territorial Review of Canada. It finds that Canada is composed of three macroregions: a southern ribbon with all the important metropolitan areas, a zone of rural and non-metropolitan adjacent regions and a sub-continent of remote northern territories. Disparities between these macroregions persist and may even be growing. Opportunities for growth are  lost because of these imbalances and also because specific regional advantages are not fully tapped. In many regions, weak local governance is hindering the emergence of local grass-roots projects, diffusion of R&D results to SMEs is slow and dialogue between higher education institutions and firms is poor. This report underlines the need for federal agencies and sectoral departments to continuously assess the consistency of their policies with regard to the three macroregions in order to enhance territorial cohesion and better tailor programmes to local conditions. More federal involvement in metropolitan issues notably through negotiated planning could help to institutionalise and strengthen urban policies. This report also emphasises the significant overhauling of rural policies that took place recently. It underlines that in certain areas such as amenities a strategic approach is still to be defined. Resolving governance issues is a priority in the north.

Canada -- Economic conditions -- 1991-. --- ocial planning --Canada. --- Social planning --Canada. --- Sustainable development -- Canada. --- Sustainable development --- Social planning --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Economic history. --- Canada --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- History, Economic --- Economics

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Federal government --- Congresses. --- Congresses --- Québec (Province) --- Canada --- History --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Economic conditions --- Fédéralisme --- Congrès --- Histoire --- Autonomie et mouvements indépendantistes --- Conditions économiques --- Federal government - Canada - Congresses --- Québec (Province) - History - Autonomy and independence movements - Congresses --- Canada - Economic conditions - 1991 --- -Federal government --- Québec (canada, province) --- Relations entre anglophones et francophones --- Autonomie et mouvements independantistes

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This paper derives an interest rate rule for monetary policy in which the interest rate response of the central bank toward an increase in expected inflation falls as debts increase beyond a certain threshold level. A debt-constrained interest rate rule and the threshold level of debt are jointly estimated for Canada during the first decade of its inflation targeting regime of the 1990s. There are three main findings of this paper. First, a high government debt could constrain monetary policy if government spending-rather than taxes-is expected to adjust in future in line with debt service costs. The 'constraint' operates through an altered policy transmission mechanism through changes in the IS curve. Second, the effects of the debt-constraint on monetary policy are quite different during booms and recessions. Third, empirical estimates show that Canadian monetary policy might have been constrained by a high government debt-GDP ratio during the 1990s. Policy was less loose than what inflation indicators called for.

Canada -- Economic conditions -- 1991. --- Economic history. --- Fiscal policy -- Canada. --- Monetary policy -- Canada. --- Banks and Banking --- Inflation --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Public debt --- Real interest rates --- Short term interest rates --- Output gap --- Prices --- Interest rates --- Debts, Public --- Production --- Economic theory --- Canada

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This paper builds a Bayesian VAR estimation model of growth for Canada, by focusing specifically on the role of external and domestic financial indicators, including credit conditions. A variance decomposition shows that financial conditions explain one-third of the total variability in Canada's real GDP growth, although changes in U.S. real GDP growth still account for a larger share of volatility in Canadian growth. A macro-financial conditions index built from the VAR's impulse responses shows that U.S. real GDP growth and lending standards will increasingly bear on Canada's growth, implying that a normalization of the U.S. economic and financial conditions is key for a sustained recovery in Canada.

Canada -- Economic conditions -- 1991- -- Econometric models. --- Economic forecasting -- Canada -- Econometric models. --- Financial crises -- Canada -- Econometric models. --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Financial crises --- Econometrics --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Time-Series Models --- Dynamic Quantile Regressions --- Dynamic Treatment Effect Models --- Diffusion Processes --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Monetary economics --- Real effective exchange rates --- Treasury bills and bonds --- Oil prices --- Vector autoregression --- Domestic credit --- Government securities --- Credit --- United States --- Economic forecasting --- Econometric models. --- Canada --- Economic conditions