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Iodine, a key component of thyroid hormones, is considered an essential micronutrient for proper health at all life stages. Indeed, an inadequate dietary intake of iodine is responsible for several functional and developmental abnormalities. The most serious consequences of iodine deficiency include hypothyroidism, early abortion, low birth weight, preterm delivery, neurocognitive impairment, and mental retardation. On the other hand, the consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, such as goiter, are less well understood but represent an important priority for research and public health practice. Over the last several decades, many countries across the globe have introduced mandatory salt iodization programs, which have dramatically reduced the number of iodine-deficient countries. However, despite substantial progress worldwide, mild-to-moderate deficiency is still prevalent even in many developed countries. Thus, the ongoing monitoring of the population iodine status remains crucially important, and attention may need to be paid to vulnerable life stage groups.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- iodine deficiency --- schoolchildren --- pregnancy --- iodine prophylaxis --- iodine deficiency disorders --- goiter --- hypothyroidism --- nutraceuticals --- thyroid function --- dietary supplements --- urinary iodine concentration --- iodine --- thyroid hormones --- thyroglobulin --- thyroid stimulating hormone --- preterm birth --- small for gestational age --- iodine nutrition status --- thyroid disease --- thyrotropin --- urine iodine --- epidemiologic studies --- Korean --- Republic of Moldova --- salt --- sodium --- potassium --- population --- Iodine Status --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- iodized salt --- iodine intake --- dairy intake --- adults --- iodine status --- human milk --- lactation --- infant growth --- iodine schoolchildren --- goitre --- iodised salt --- water iodine --- iodine pregnant women --- cadmium --- myo-inositol --- seleno-L-methionine --- thyroid --- MCP-1 --- CXCL10 --- carnitine --- flavonoids --- melatonin --- omega-3 --- resveratrol --- selenium --- vitamins --- zinc --- perchlorate --- Natrium/Iodide symporter --- endocrine disruptors --- review --- drinking and Food --- Hypothyroidism --- iodine deficiency --- schoolchildren --- pregnancy --- iodine prophylaxis --- iodine deficiency disorders --- goiter --- hypothyroidism --- nutraceuticals --- thyroid function --- dietary supplements --- urinary iodine concentration --- iodine --- thyroid hormones --- thyroglobulin --- thyroid stimulating hormone --- preterm birth --- small for gestational age --- iodine nutrition status --- thyroid disease --- thyrotropin --- urine iodine --- epidemiologic studies --- Korean --- Republic of Moldova --- salt --- sodium --- potassium --- population --- Iodine Status --- Food Frequency Questionnaire --- iodized salt --- iodine intake --- dairy intake --- adults --- iodine status --- human milk --- lactation --- infant growth --- iodine schoolchildren --- goitre --- iodised salt --- water iodine --- iodine pregnant women --- cadmium --- myo-inositol --- seleno-L-methionine --- thyroid --- MCP-1 --- CXCL10 --- carnitine --- flavonoids --- melatonin --- omega-3 --- resveratrol --- selenium --- vitamins --- zinc --- perchlorate --- Natrium/Iodide symporter --- endocrine disruptors --- review --- drinking and Food --- Hypothyroidism

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The book presents several studies reporting advances on melanoma pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. It represents a milestone on the state of the art, updated at 2021, and also presents the current knowledge on the future developments in melanoma field.

Medicine --- melanoma --- invasion --- WNT5A --- MARCKS --- phosphorylation --- MANS peptide --- nanoparticles --- cell therapy --- tumor microenvironment --- sex/gender --- sex-hormones --- immunity --- microRNAs --- immunotherapy --- BRAF-mutant melanoma --- BRAF inhibitor --- mechanism of action --- targeted therapy --- tumour microenvironment --- plasmacytoid dendritic cells --- lactate dehydrogenase --- TLR --- interferon --- CXCL10 --- TPC2 --- HIPPO --- SOCE --- metastasis --- essential oils --- angiogenesis --- apoptosis --- uveal melanoma (UM) --- metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) --- prognostication --- adjuvant therapy --- metastatic therapy --- metastatic dormancy --- liver-directed-therapies --- targeted-therapy --- combined therapy --- protein tyrosine phosphatase --- PTPs inhibitors --- melanoma immune infiltrate --- BRAF inhibitors --- microenvironment --- resistance --- therapy --- therapeutic resistance --- exosomes --- extracellular vesicles --- diagnosis --- prognosis --- ctDNA --- liquid biopsy --- prediction --- patient stratification --- BRAF --- arthralgia --- rheumatoid arthritis --- carbonic anhydrase --- hedgehog --- cyclopamine --- small molecules --- acetazolamide --- motility --- metalloproteinases --- FAK --- cancer --- mucosal melanoma --- nivolumab --- pembrolizumab --- ipilimumab --- radiotherapy --- cholinergic system --- acetylcholine --- muscarinic receptors --- nicotinic receptors --- melanoma metastasis --- ShcD adaptor protein --- amoeboid motility --- Rac1 --- DOCK4 --- melanoma PDX --- target therapy --- cancer stem cells --- slow cycling phenotype --- drug resistance --- OXPHOS --- lipid metabolism --- cancer associated fibroblast --- melanomagenesis --- biomarkers --- checkpoint inhibitor --- PD-1 --- melanoma markers --- cytokines --- machine learning --- Support Vector Machine --- principal component analysis --- BCL2L10 --- STAT3 --- cytotoxicity --- survival --- ABT-737 --- Bcl-2 family --- ML258 --- HuR --- MITF --- metastases --- siRNA --- melanoma --- invasion --- WNT5A --- MARCKS --- phosphorylation --- MANS peptide --- nanoparticles --- cell therapy --- tumor microenvironment --- sex/gender --- sex-hormones --- immunity --- microRNAs --- immunotherapy --- BRAF-mutant melanoma --- BRAF inhibitor --- mechanism of action --- targeted therapy --- tumour microenvironment --- plasmacytoid dendritic cells --- lactate dehydrogenase --- TLR --- interferon --- CXCL10 --- TPC2 --- HIPPO --- SOCE --- metastasis --- essential oils --- angiogenesis --- apoptosis --- uveal melanoma (UM) --- metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) --- prognostication --- adjuvant therapy --- metastatic therapy --- metastatic dormancy --- liver-directed-therapies --- targeted-therapy --- combined therapy --- protein tyrosine phosphatase --- PTPs inhibitors --- melanoma immune infiltrate --- BRAF inhibitors --- microenvironment --- resistance --- therapy --- therapeutic resistance --- exosomes --- extracellular vesicles --- diagnosis --- prognosis --- ctDNA --- liquid biopsy --- prediction --- patient stratification --- BRAF --- arthralgia --- rheumatoid arthritis --- carbonic anhydrase --- hedgehog --- cyclopamine --- small molecules --- acetazolamide --- motility --- metalloproteinases --- FAK --- cancer --- mucosal melanoma --- nivolumab --- pembrolizumab --- ipilimumab --- radiotherapy --- cholinergic system --- acetylcholine --- muscarinic receptors --- nicotinic receptors --- melanoma metastasis --- ShcD adaptor protein --- amoeboid motility --- Rac1 --- DOCK4 --- melanoma PDX --- target therapy --- cancer stem cells --- slow cycling phenotype --- drug resistance --- OXPHOS --- lipid metabolism --- cancer associated fibroblast --- melanomagenesis --- biomarkers --- checkpoint inhibitor --- PD-1 --- melanoma markers --- cytokines --- machine learning --- Support Vector Machine --- principal component analysis --- BCL2L10 --- STAT3 --- cytotoxicity --- survival --- ABT-737 --- Bcl-2 family --- ML258 --- HuR --- MITF --- metastases --- siRNA