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Le gène cfr est un gène d’antibiorésistance. Il code pour une méthyltransférase qui ajoute un groupement méthyl au C8 du nucléotide A2305 de l’ARNr 23S. Cette modification confère aux bactéries une résistance à six différentes familles d’antibiotiques qui se lient au niveau du centre peptidyl transférase du ribosome. Les bactéries porteuses présentent alors le phénotype PhLOPSA, elles sont résistantes aux phénicolés, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilines, streptogramines A et à certains macrolides. Depuis sa découverte dans les années 2000, de nombreuses bactéries gram + et gram - résistantes d’origine animale ou humaine ont été retrouvées porteuses de ce gène. Il est porté majoritairement par des plasmides et est associé à des gènes de mobilité et des séquences d’insertion qui le rendent mobile. De plus il est retrouvé dans de nombreuses zones géographiques. Tout ceci suggère qu’il est capable de se disséminer facilement. L’utilisation intensive des antibiotiques en médecine vétérinaire dans les élevages d’animaux de production a créé une pression de sélection positive favorisant l’apparition et la sélection de ce gène d’antibiorésistance. La résistance à la linézolide, un oxazolidinone utilisée en dernier intention majoritairement dans les services de réanimation, est un problème de santé publique menant à une impasse thérapeutique chez certains patients. Une prise de conscience et des efforts interdisciplinaires entre la médecine vétérinaire et humaine sont nécessaires pour limiter la propagation des gènes d’antibiorésistances tel que le gène cfr.
gène cfr --- antibiorésistance --- linézolide --- phénotype PhLOPS --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale
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The Council on Foreign Relations is the most influential foreign-policy think tank in the United States, claiming among its members a high percentage of government officials, media figures, and establishment elite. For decades it kept a low profile even while it shaped policy, advised presidents, and helped shore up U.S. hegemony following the Second World War. In 1977, Laurence H. Shoup and William Minter published the first in-depth study of the CFR, Imperial Brain Trust, an explosive work that traced the activities and influence of the CFR from its origins in the 1920s through the Cold War
World politics --- Council on Foreign Relations. --- C.F.R. --- CFR --- American Institute of International Affairs --- United States --- Foreign relations
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Benötigen wir ein spezielles Kaufrecht für Verbraucher- oder Unternehmerverträge? Die aktuelle Situation ist paradox und für den Benutzer unverständlich. Lydia Beil vergleicht deutsche, französische und internationale Regeln und verwendet die ökonomische Analyse des Rechts, um zu zeigen, welche Differenzierungen dringend gestrichen werden sollten. Damit trägt sie zur Diskussion um ein einheitliches europäisches Kaufrechtsinstrument bei.
Business --- Frankreich --- Ökonomische Analyse des Rechts --- CISG --- CFR --- Gemeinsames Europäsiches Kaufrecht --- B2B, B2C --- UNIDROIT PICC --- CESL --- Bürgerliches Recht
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Daniel Estulin --- témoignage --- le Bilderberg Group --- le Council on Foreign Relations --- CFR --- la Commission Trilatérale --- Oosterbeek --- 1954 --- Hôtel Bilderberg
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Commercial poker solvers emerged around 2015, these are paid software used by poker players to study the game and improve their strategies and whose purpose is to find the best way to play in certain poker situations. Unfortunately for us, their implementation is a black box. As poker players and computer science students, we asked ourselves two questions. Why did the most popular poker solvers appear during this period? How to implement our own poker solver? We answer these questions in this thesis. We review the scientific literature and find that in 2015 the Heads-Up Limit Texas Hold’em poker variant has been weakly solved for the first time by a computer program called Cepheus. This poker variant contains 1014 decision points and has been a challenge for artificial intelligence for over 10 years. We find that the best poker AIs after this period face the same challenges and use techniques that have commonalities to solve them. We describe the challenges and techniques used to create a poker solver. The most common challenges are related to the size of a poker game, the computing power and memory required to solve and store a strategy for a game of this magnitude. We implement a poker solver capable of solving abstractions of different poker variants on a home computer using techniques such as Couterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) and game abstractions. We also create tools to read and study the strategies calculated by our solver. At the end of this thesis, we show that our results are consistent with the results obtained by commercial poker solvers and we discuss ways to improve our implementation and to solve poker situations in games as big as No Limit Texas Hold’em.
poker --- solver --- counterfactual regret minimization --- cfr --- Nash equilibrium --- imperfect information games --- games theory --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Sciences informatiques
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le Parlement européen, 2010 --- le Parlement européen, 2010 --- le 'Bilderberg Group' --- 1992 --- Highlander --- Watergate --- le Council on Foreign Relations --- CFR --- 1999 --- le bureau de contrôle du CFR --- le CFR et les opérations psycho-politiques --- le plan Marshall --- la conspiration de Rockefeller et la Commission Trilatérale --- 2003 --- 2004 --- 2009 --- redéfinir la politique économique mondiale
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Research institutes. --- Council on Foreign Relations. --- Institutes, Research --- Research centers --- Think tanks --- Universities and colleges --- Research institutes --- C.F.R. --- CFR --- American Institute of International Affairs --- Learned institutions and societies
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Research institutes. --- Council on Foreign Relations. --- Institutes, Research --- Research centers --- Think tanks --- Universities and colleges --- Research institutes --- C.F.R. --- CFR --- American Institute of International Affairs --- Learned institutions and societies
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325.2 --- 327.2 --- #SBIB:327H15 --- Buitenlandse migratie. --- Imperialisme. Wereldrijken --(buitenlandse politiek) --- Buitenlandse politiek: Noord-Amerika --- Council on Foreign Relations --- C.F.R. --- CFR --- American Institute of International Affairs --- United States --- Foreign relations --- -325.2 --- 327.2 Imperialisme. Wereldrijken --(buitenlandse politiek) --- 325.2 Buitenlandse migratie. --- -#SBIB:327H15 --- Buitenlandse migratie --- Council on Foreign Relations.
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