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Using a newly compiled database of women's property rights and legal capacity covering 100 countries over 50 years, this paper analyzes the triggers and barriers to reform. The database documents gender gaps in the ability to access and own assets, to sign legal documents in one's own name, and to have equality or non-discrimination as a guiding principle of the country's constitution. Progress in reducing these constraints has been dramatic-half of the constraints documented in the 1960s had been removed by 2010. However, some sticky areas persist where laws have not changed or have even regressed. The paper analyzes potential drivers of reforms. A significant finding is that the relationship with a country's level of development and the extent of its reforms is not straightforward. For the first half of the sample, there was no systematic connection; only in the last 25 years have increases in income been associated with higher probabilities for reform, but only in lower-income countries. With the remaining constraints as prevalent in middle- as low-income countries, increased growth is not necessarily going to spark additional reforms. Clearer patterns emerge from the momentum created by international conventions, such as the Committee to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), women's political representation at the national level, mobilization of women's networks, and increasing labor force participation in sectors that provide a voice for women, which are positive forces for change. Conversely, conflict and weak rule of law can entrench a discriminatory status quo. And much is at stake; strengthening women's legal rights is associated with important development outcomes that can benefit society as a whole.

Access to Finance --- CEDAW --- Development --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Gender --- Gender and Development --- Gender and Law --- Law --- Legal capacity --- Legal Products --- Population Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Property rights

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As an instrument which addresses the circumstances which affect women's lives and enjoyment of rights in a diverse world, the CEDAW is slowly but surely making its mark on the development of international and national law. Using national case studies from South Asia, Southern Africa, Australia, Canada and Northern Europe, Women's Human Rights examines the potential and actual added value of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in comparison and interaction with other equality and anti-discrimination mechanisms. The studies demonstrate how state and non-state actors have invoked, adopted or resisted the CEDAW and related instruments in different legal, political, economic and socio-cultural contexts, and how the various international, regional and national regimes have drawn inspiration and learned from each other.

Women (International law) --- Women's rights. --- International law --- Women --- Rights of women --- Women's rights --- Human rights --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Civil rights --- Law and legislation --- United Nations. --- CEDAW --- CEDAW Committee --- Komite PBB Untuk Penghapusan Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan --- Sīdāw --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Organization) --- Convenção para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Contra a Mulher --- Sīḍō --- Yŏsŏng Ch'abyŏl Ch'ŏlp'ye Wiwŏnhoe --- UmU kursbok --- Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women --- Law --- General and Others

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In Frontiers of Gender Equality, editor Rebecca Cook enlarges the chorus of voices to introduce new and different discourses about the wrongs of gender discrimination and to explain the multiple dimensions of gender equality. This volume demonstrates that the wrongs of discrimination can best be understood from the perspective of the discriminated, and that gender discrimination persists and grows in new and different contexts, widening the gap between the principle of gender equality and its realization, particularly for subgroups of women and LGBTQ+ peoples.Frontiers of Gender Equality provides retrospective views of the struggles to eliminate gender discrimination in national courts and international human rights treaties. Focusing on gender equality enables comparisons and contrasts among these regimes to better understand how they reinforce gender equality norms. Different regional and international treaties are examined, those in the forefront of advancing gender equality, those that are promising but little known, and those whose focus includes economic, social, and cultural rights, to explore why some struggles were successful and others less so. The book illustrates how gender discrimination continues to be normalized and camouflaged, and how it intersects with other axes of subordination, such as indigeneity, religion, and poverty, to create new forms of intersectional discrimination.With the benefit of hindsight, the book’s contributors reconstruct gender equalities in concrete situations. Given the increasingly porous exchanges between domestic and international law, various national, regional, and international decisions and texts are examined to determine how better to breathe life into equality from the perspectives, for instance, of Indigenous and Muslim women, those who were violated sexually and physically, and those needing access to necessary health care, including abortion. The conclusion suggests areas of future research, including how to translate the concept of intersectionality into normative and institutional settings, which will assist in promoting the goals of gender equality.

POLITICAL SCIENCE / Human Rights. --- African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. --- American Convention on Human Rights. --- Arab Charter on Human Rights. --- CEDAW Committee. --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination. --- European Court of Human Rights. --- European Social Charter. --- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. --- International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. --- Sustainable Development Goals. --- abortion rights. --- gender inequality equalitysubstantive equality. --- gender intersectional discrimination. --- human rights of women. --- law legal studies. --- religious freedom. --- transformative equality. --- women’s queer indigenous rights.

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This volume examines the different and sometimes contradictory approaches of four UN human rights committees to the concept of religion. Drawing on critical perspectives from religious studies, the book combines a genealogical assessment of the role of religion in international law with a detailed textual study of the reporting practice of the committees monitoring racial discrimination, civil and political rights, women's rights, and children's rights. Årsheim argues that the role of religion within the rights traditions monitored by the committees varies to the extent that their recommendations risk contradicting one another, thereby undermining their credibility and potential to bring about real change on the ground: Where some committees view religion singularly as a core individual right, others see religion partly as an inherent threat to the realization of other rights, but also as a potent social force to be reckoned with. In order to remedy this situation, Årsheim proposes the publication of a joint general comment by all the committees, spelling out their approach to the role of religion in the implementation of human rights.

Freedom of religion (International law) --- Religious minorities --- Religious discrimination --- Religion and international relations --- Religion and law --- Law --- Law and religion --- Religious liberty (International law) --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Law and legislation --- Religious aspects --- United Nations. --- CRC --- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child --- Committee on the Rights of the Child (United Nations) --- Comité des droits de l'enfant --- Comité sobre los Derechos del Niño de Naciones Unidas --- Comité Internacional de los Derechos del Niño del Sistema de Naciones Unidas --- CEDAW --- CEDAW Committee --- Komite PBB Untuk Penghapusan Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan --- Sīdāw --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Organization) --- Convenção para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Contra a Mulher --- Sīḍō --- Yŏsŏng Ch'abyŏl Ch'ŏlp'ye Wiwŏnhoe --- CERD --- CERD Committee --- Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial de Naciones Unidas-CERD --- United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination --- UN-Menschenrechtsausschuss --- MRK (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights --- HRC (Organization) --- Human Rights Committee (United Nations) --- International relations --- International relations and religion --- Religion and international affairs --- Freedom of religion --- Minorities --- International law --- 342.72/.73 --- 342.72/.73 Mensenrechten. Amnesty International. Euthanasie --- Mensenrechten. Amnesty International. Euthanasie --- Religion and international relations. --- Religion and law. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation. --- Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

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A commentary on one of the most important anti-discrimination and women's rights instruments, this text provides a systematic overview of the work of the CEDAW Committee, including all of its decisions and recommendations.

Sex discrimination against women --- Women (International law) --- Women's rights. --- International law --- Women --- Equal rights amendments --- Rights of women --- Women's rights --- Human rights --- Law and legislation. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Civil rights --- Law and legislation --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women --- CEDAW --- CEDAW Kanabhenaśana --- Convenção sobre a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Contra a Mulher --- Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer --- Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes --- Da Ṣhażo pah Wṛānde da Ṭolo Tawpīrūno dalah Minżah Wṛalo Taṛūn --- Fifanarahana Iraisam-Pirenena Momba ny Fanafoanana ny Endri-Panavakavahana Rehatra Miantraika Amin'ny Vehivavy --- Ittifāqīyah al-Dawlīyah li-Manʻ al-Tamyīz Didda al-Marʼah --- Ittifāqīyat al-Qaḍāʼ ʻalá Jamīʻ Ashkāl al-Tamyīz Ḍidda al-Marʼah --- Josei sabetsu teppai jōyakuto --- Joshi ni taisuru arayuru keitai no sabetsu no teppai ni kansuru jōyaku --- Joshi sabetsu teppai jōyaku --- Kaikkinaisen naisten syrjinnän poistamista koskeva yleissopimus --- Konvencija o odpravi vseh oblik diskriminacije žensk --- Konvensi PBB Tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi Terhadap Wanita --- Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan --- Konvensi Wanita --- Konvention om avskaffande av all slags Diskriminering av Kvinnor --- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ o likvidat︠s︡ii vsekh form diskriminat︠s︡ii v otnoshenii zhenshchin --- Kunvānsiyūn-i rafʻ-i har gūnah-i tabʻīz̤ ʻalayh-i zanān --- Kunvānsiyūn-i rafʻ-i kullīyah-i tabʻīz̤āt ʻalayh-i zanān --- Mahilā Upara Hune Savai Prakāraka Bhedabhāva Nirmūlana Sambandhī Mahāsandhī --- Nārīra prati Birājamāna Sakala Prakāla Baishamya Bilopa Sananda --- Siḍao Kanabhenaśana --- Siḍao Sananda --- UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women --- United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women --- United Nations. --- CEDAW Committee --- Komite PBB Untuk Penghapusan Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan --- Sīdāw --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Organization) --- Convenção para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Contra a Mulher --- Sīḍō --- Yŏsŏng Ch'abyŏl Ch'ŏlp'ye Wiwŏnhoe --- Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women --- Women (International law). --- Sex discrimination against women - Law and legislation.