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De l’Europe de Locarno dans les années vingt, à la crise des euromissiles dans l’Europe des années quatre-vingt, l’idée européenne, celle de l’unité politique de l’Europe, a été l’objet de la pensée de Raymond Aron, en ses diverses qualités de philosophe, éditorialiste et sociologue. Parti de l’idéal d’une République européenne des Lettres, Raymond Aron a consacré sa vie à défendre la liberté politique. Pendant la guerre, dans La France Libre, il a combattu la propagande hitlérienne qui usurpait le mythe politique de l’Europe. Il a ensuite lui-même utilisé ce mythe pour renforcer la cohésion de l’Occident pendant la guerre froide. Selon lui, l’idée européenne est raisonnable, mais, écrit-il, c’est « une idée d’intellectuels ». Il rappelait que l’Europe n’a jamais existé qu’en tant que nations : « On ne crée pas les patries sur commande. » La vision aronienne de l’Europe n’était ni celle de Jean Monnet, ni celle du général de Gaulle. Ainsi Raymond Aron a-t-il pu se présenter comme un « grognard » du mouvement européen, ce qu’il fut dans les deux sens du mot : comme vétéran incontestable de l’entreprise, et critique opiniâtre de celle-ci. Citoyen français et intellectuel européen, Raymond Aron s’est efforcé d’être un éducateur de la cité, à l’échelle de la nation comme du continent. Comme elle traite de notre condition politique, sa pensée concerne, aujourd’hui plus que jamais, tous ceux qui se sentent citoyens en Europe.

Aron, Raymond, 1905-1983 --- Political and social views. --- Europe --- Politics and government --- History --- politique --- CED (Communauté européenne de défense) --- démocratie

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Parmi les figures politiques françaises qui ont profondément marqué leur temps, Pierre Mendès France a laissé un souvenir durable au-delà même des frontières de la IVe République. Générant un engouement auprès de l'opinion publique belge, le président du Conseil français de juin 1954 à février 1955 a nourri de nombreux espoirs et craintes Outre-Quiévrain de voir l'Etat voisin recouvrer sa grandeur d'antan. Ce mémoire de science politique s'attache à discerner et catégoriser l'influence de l'action gouvernementale Mendès France sur l'activité politique, diplomatique et législative du parlement belge. Par une approche pluridisciplinaire mobilisant la sociologie des réputations ainsi que les phénomènes de Policy Transfers et Lesson Drawings, cette étude soumet à l'analyse de discours les annales parlementaires belges, enquêtes de l'INSOC et autres sources historiques contemporaines. Les représentations sociales ainsi observées et catégorisées permettent de mieux cerner la perception de l'homme d'Etat français par ses homologues belges, nourrissant un certain imaginaire collectif des relations entre les deux pays. Source d'inspiration récurrente dans les discours et projets parlementaires belges, Mendès France bénéficie également d'un héritage mémoriel, preuve de l'impact produit par sa vision de la modernité et son mode inédit de gouvernement. Among the French political figures who have profoundly marked their time, Pierre Mendès France has left a lasting heritage beyond the borders of the Fourth Republic. The President of the French Council, from June 1954 to February 1955, provides hopes and fears amongst Belgian public opinion to see the neighboring State to regain its former power. This Master Thesis of political science endeavors to discern and categorize the influence of Mendes France's government on the political, diplomatic and legislative activities of the Belgian parliament. Through a multidisciplinary approach mobilizing the sociology of reputations and the phenomena of Policy Transfers and Lesson Drawings, this study subjects Belgian parliamentary annals, INSOC surveys and other contemporary historical sources to the analysis of speeches. The social representations thus observed and categorized make it possible to better understand the perception of the French statesman by his Belgian counterparts, nourishing a common construction of relations between both countries. As an inspiration in Belgian political speeches and projects, Mendès France also generates a powerful heritage, proof of the impact produced by his vision of modernity and his government style.

Mendès France --- France --- IVe République --- Relations franco-belges --- Europe --- 1950' --- Spaak --- CED --- Defence --- History --- Political Science --- NATO --- OTAN --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales

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341.2 --- 327.5 EU --- 341.232.1 --- 341.17 CED --- Subjecten en objecten in het volkenrecht --(algemeen) --- Internationale conflicten. Internationale spanningen. Internationale blokvorming. Veiligheidspolitiek--EU --- European Defence Community --- to 1954 --- European Defence Community. --- to 1954. --- 341.2 Subjecten en objecten in het volkenrecht --(algemeen) --- 327.5 EU Internationale conflicten. Internationale spanningen. Internationale blokvorming. Veiligheidspolitiek--EU --- To 1954.

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The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years. However, in many cases, this progress has been hampered by our dependency on critical materials or other resources that are often processed at high environmental burdens. Yet, many studies have shown that environmental and energy issues are strictly interconnected and require a comprehensive understanding of resource management strategies and their implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is among the most inclusive analytical techniques to analyze sustainability benefits and trade-offs within complex systems and, in this Special Issue, it is applied to assess the mutual influences of environmental and energy dimensions. The selection of original articles, reviews, and case studies addressed covers some of the main driving applications for energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, including power generation, bioenergy, biorefinery, building, and transportation. An insightful perspective on the current topics and technologies, and emerging research needs, is provided. Alone or in combination with integrative methodologies, LCA can be of pivotal importance and constitute the scientific foundation on which a full system understanding can be reached.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- harmonization --- photovoltaic --- perovskite solar cell --- manufacturing process --- environmental impact --- greenhouse gas --- gasification --- swine manure management --- ground-source heat pumps --- space conditioning --- environmental sustainability --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- phase-change material (PCM) --- CED --- Eco-indicator 99 --- IPCC --- LCA --- photovoltaics panels --- recycling --- landfill --- embodied energy --- embodied carbon --- life-cycle embodied performance --- metropolitan area --- in-city --- transport energy intensity --- well to wheel --- material structure --- photovoltaics --- waste management --- EROI --- net energy --- energy scenario --- energy transition --- electricity --- grid mix --- storage --- decarbonization --- biofuel policy --- GHG mitigation --- energy security --- indirect land use change --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) --- Material Flow Analysis (MFA) --- Criticality --- traction batteries --- forecast --- supply --- exergy --- sustainability --- review --- bioenergy --- geographic information system (GIS) --- harvesting residues --- energy metrics --- PHAs --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable plastics --- pyrolysis --- volatile fatty acids --- phase change materials --- PCM --- thermal energy storage --- Storage LCA Tool --- Speicher LCA --- n/a

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The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years. However, in many cases, this progress has been hampered by our dependency on critical materials or other resources that are often processed at high environmental burdens. Yet, many studies have shown that environmental and energy issues are strictly interconnected and require a comprehensive understanding of resource management strategies and their implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is among the most inclusive analytical techniques to analyze sustainability benefits and trade-offs within complex systems and, in this Special Issue, it is applied to assess the mutual influences of environmental and energy dimensions. The selection of original articles, reviews, and case studies addressed covers some of the main driving applications for energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, including power generation, bioenergy, biorefinery, building, and transportation. An insightful perspective on the current topics and technologies, and emerging research needs, is provided. Alone or in combination with integrative methodologies, LCA can be of pivotal importance and constitute the scientific foundation on which a full system understanding can be reached.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- harmonization --- photovoltaic --- perovskite solar cell --- manufacturing process --- environmental impact --- greenhouse gas --- gasification --- swine manure management --- ground-source heat pumps --- space conditioning --- environmental sustainability --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- phase-change material (PCM) --- CED --- Eco-indicator 99 --- IPCC --- LCA --- photovoltaics panels --- recycling --- landfill --- embodied energy --- embodied carbon --- life-cycle embodied performance --- metropolitan area --- in-city --- transport energy intensity --- well to wheel --- material structure --- photovoltaics --- waste management --- EROI --- net energy --- energy scenario --- energy transition --- electricity --- grid mix --- storage --- decarbonization --- biofuel policy --- GHG mitigation --- energy security --- indirect land use change --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) --- Material Flow Analysis (MFA) --- Criticality --- traction batteries --- forecast --- supply --- exergy --- sustainability --- review --- bioenergy --- geographic information system (GIS) --- harvesting residues --- energy metrics --- PHAs --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable plastics --- pyrolysis --- volatile fatty acids --- phase change materials --- PCM --- thermal energy storage --- Storage LCA Tool --- Speicher LCA --- life cycle assessment --- harmonization --- photovoltaic --- perovskite solar cell --- manufacturing process --- environmental impact --- greenhouse gas --- gasification --- swine manure management --- ground-source heat pumps --- space conditioning --- environmental sustainability --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- phase-change material (PCM) --- CED --- Eco-indicator 99 --- IPCC --- LCA --- photovoltaics panels --- recycling --- landfill --- embodied energy --- embodied carbon --- life-cycle embodied performance --- metropolitan area --- in-city --- transport energy intensity --- well to wheel --- material structure --- photovoltaics --- waste management --- EROI --- net energy --- energy scenario --- energy transition --- electricity --- grid mix --- storage --- decarbonization --- biofuel policy --- GHG mitigation --- energy security --- indirect land use change --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) --- Material Flow Analysis (MFA) --- Criticality --- traction batteries --- forecast --- supply --- exergy --- sustainability --- review --- bioenergy --- geographic information system (GIS) --- harvesting residues --- energy metrics --- PHAs --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable plastics --- pyrolysis --- volatile fatty acids --- phase change materials --- PCM --- thermal energy storage --- Storage LCA Tool --- Speicher LCA