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The Caucasus is a strategically and economically important region in contemporary global affairs. Western interest in the Caucasus has grown rapidly since 1991, fuelled by the admixture of oil politics, great power rivalry, ethnic separatism and terrorism that characterizes the region. However, until now there has been little understanding of how these issues came to assume the importance they have today. This book argues that understanding the Soviet legacy in the region is critical to analysing both the new states of the Transcaucasus and the autonomous territories of the North Caucasus. It examines the impact of Soviet rule on the Caucasus, focusing in particular on the period from 1917 to 1955. Important questions covered include how the Soviet Union created 'nations' out of the diverse peoples of the North Caucasus; the true nature of the 1917 revolution; the role and effects of forced migration in the region; how over time the constituent nationalities of the region came to re-define themselves; and, how Islamic radicalism came to assume the importance it continues to hold today. A cauldron of war, revolution, and foreign interventions - from the British and Ottoman Turks to the oil-hungry armies of Hitler's Third Reich - the Caucasus and the policies and actors it produced (not least Stalin, Sergo Ordzhonikidze and Anastas Mikoyan) both shaped the Soviet experiment in the twentieth century and appear set to continue to shape the geopolitics of the twenty-first. Making unprecedented use of memoirs, archives and published sources, this book is an invaluable aid for scholars, political analysts and journalists alike to understanding one of the most important borderlands of the modern world.

Caucasus, Northern (Russia) --- Soviet Union --- History --- Politics and government --- Ethnic relations --- Relations --- Foreign relations --- Soviet UnionHistory --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) - History - 20th century --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) - Politics and government - 20th century --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) - Ethnic relations - History - 20th century --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) - Relations - Soviet Union --- Soviet Union - Relations - Russia (Federation) - Caucasus, Northern --- Soviet Union - Foreign relations - 1917-1945 --- Soviet Union - Foreign relations - 1945-1991

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Political transitions often create new law enforcement challenges. This Brief provides an examination of such special law enforcement challenges in the Northern Caucasas, both due to the unique structure of the crime groups that are active in the region, and to the unique social and political environment in which they operate.  In 2002, Russian President Vladamir Putin declared the end of the war in Chechnya.  In 2006, he announced the insurgency was defeated.  Yet today, Russia maintains a significant Internal Police  presence in the Northern Caucasus to contain approximately 700 insurgents at a cost estimated to be more than the equivalent of $1 billion per year. Russian law enforcement, armed forces, and their local proxies are fighting irregular forces that operate in a manner akin to organized crime groups or terrorist cells.  These groups have formed flexible networks which can sustain heavy losses, including the “decapitation” of their leaders, only to reconstitute themselves ready to fight another day. Beginning with a historical overview of the police and military structures in the region, this Brief provides a case study into the origins, structures, and unique strategies for counter-terrorism policing in these complex conditions.  It also provides recommendations for the future, and a framework for understanding similar cases of terrorist operations in areas of political unrest, an increasing global threat.    .

Caucasus, Northern (Russia) -- Politics and government. --- Criminal law -- Russia (Federation) -- Caucasus, Northern. --- National security -- Russia (Federation) -- Caucasus, Northern. --- Terrorism -- Prevention -- Law and legislation -- Russia (Federation) -- Caucasus, Northern. --- Terrorism --- Criminal law --- National security --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Law and legislation --- Prevention --- Political violence. --- Political violence --- Prevention. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Anti-terrorism --- Antiterrorism --- Counter-terrorism --- Counterterrorism --- Political science. --- Criminology and Criminal Justice. --- Criminology and Criminal Justice, general. --- Political Science. --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Terror --- Violence --- Criminology. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Crime --- Criminals --- Study and teaching --- Caucasus, Northern (Russia) --- Politics and government.