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This book provides a detailed overview of the law and policy related to unlawful killings and the right to life. It is organized into the key thematic issues and types of killings that arose during the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004-2016. Each chapter contains an introductory overview and selected extracts from UN Special Rapporteur reports to the United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Council and other normative work, and covers the applicable international law, policy considerations, and common fact scenarios.Philip Alston held the mandate of United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004 and 2010; Christof Heyns did so from 2010 to 2016. This book was created to provide easy access to the work of the Special Rapporteurs, and to be a useful guide for those studying and working to promote respect for human rights. The book was edited by the two rapporteurs, together with their main advisors during their tenure as mandate holders, Sarah Knuckey and Thomas Probert.
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This book provides a detailed overview of the law and policy related to unlawful killings and the right to life. It is organized into the key thematic issues and types of killings that arose during the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004-2016. Each chapter contains an introductory overview and selected extracts from UN Special Rapporteur reports to the United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Council and other normative work, and covers the applicable international law, policy considerations, and common fact scenarios.Philip Alston held the mandate of United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004 and 2010; Christof Heyns did so from 2010 to 2016. This book was created to provide easy access to the work of the Special Rapporteurs, and to be a useful guide for those studying and working to promote respect for human rights. The book was edited by the two rapporteurs, together with their main advisors during their tenure as mandate holders, Sarah Knuckey and Thomas Probert.
Law --- Unlawful Killings --- Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials --- Identity-Based Killings --- Killings by Non-State Actors --- The Death Penalty
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This book provides a detailed overview of the law and policy related to unlawful killings and the right to life. It is organized into the key thematic issues and types of killings that arose during the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004-2016. Each chapter contains an introductory overview and selected extracts from UN Special Rapporteur reports to the United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Council and other normative work, and covers the applicable international law, policy considerations, and common fact scenarios.Philip Alston held the mandate of United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004 and 2010; Christof Heyns did so from 2010 to 2016. This book was created to provide easy access to the work of the Special Rapporteurs, and to be a useful guide for those studying and working to promote respect for human rights. The book was edited by the two rapporteurs, together with their main advisors during their tenure as mandate holders, Sarah Knuckey and Thomas Probert.
Law --- Unlawful Killings --- Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials --- Identity-Based Killings --- Killings by Non-State Actors --- The Death Penalty
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The book aims to explore the legal and administrative aspects of spatial governance and the challenges that their interaction entails. It does this through a number of chapters focusing on case studies located in different geographical areas of Europe and beyond. By doing this, the editors shed light on a set of challenges that emerge around the world at the intersection between the legal and administrative spheres during the governance and planning of territorial phenomena. The issues addressed in the various chapters highlight how spatial planning activities continue to face serious challenges that have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In more detail, a correlation emerges between the legal regulations that allow and shape spatial-planning activities and the socio-economic and territorial challenges that those activities should tackle. This is often a consequence of the path-dependent influence of the traditional administrative and spatial planning configuration, which presents an inertial resistance to change that is hard to overcome. A similar situation arises concerning the mismatch between the boundaries of the existing administrative units and the extent of territorial phenomena, with a system of judicial–territorial administration that does not always coincide with the boundaries of the fundamental administrative division of a country, leading to an overall deterioration of the conditions in which all actors involved in spatial development operate.
Peace studies & conflict resolution --- landscape urbanization --- metropolises --- agglomeration in Poland --- urban landscape intensity index --- local development --- local law --- budgets of local units --- financial consequences of spatial chaos --- urban sprawl --- macroeconomics --- externalities --- budget --- spatial policy --- economic policy --- urban growth management --- land use planning --- zoning --- strategic spatial planning --- institutionalism --- discourse --- Antwerp --- Flanders --- land use transition --- innovation agglomeration --- industrial pollution --- environmental protection --- innovation-driven development --- sustainable land use --- urbanization --- spatial governance and planning --- Europe --- ESPON --- SECI expansion model --- local government --- green governance --- peer behavior --- green development --- rule by law --- law-based governance --- housing price --- sensitivity --- heterogeneity --- mediating mechanism --- land economic efficiency --- environmental pollution --- carbon emissions --- sustainable cities --- eastern China --- land policy --- planning system --- land-use planning --- land development --- urban development --- legal framework --- containment --- Poland --- Germany --- Spain --- green belt --- master plan --- planning history --- planning policy --- urban containment --- urban agriculture --- Kigali --- Singapore --- land-use policy --- spatial planning --- territorial governance --- land use --- law
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The book aims to explore the legal and administrative aspects of spatial governance and the challenges that their interaction entails. It does this through a number of chapters focusing on case studies located in different geographical areas of Europe and beyond. By doing this, the editors shed light on a set of challenges that emerge around the world at the intersection between the legal and administrative spheres during the governance and planning of territorial phenomena. The issues addressed in the various chapters highlight how spatial planning activities continue to face serious challenges that have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In more detail, a correlation emerges between the legal regulations that allow and shape spatial-planning activities and the socio-economic and territorial challenges that those activities should tackle. This is often a consequence of the path-dependent influence of the traditional administrative and spatial planning configuration, which presents an inertial resistance to change that is hard to overcome. A similar situation arises concerning the mismatch between the boundaries of the existing administrative units and the extent of territorial phenomena, with a system of judicial–territorial administration that does not always coincide with the boundaries of the fundamental administrative division of a country, leading to an overall deterioration of the conditions in which all actors involved in spatial development operate.
landscape urbanization --- metropolises --- agglomeration in Poland --- urban landscape intensity index --- local development --- local law --- budgets of local units --- financial consequences of spatial chaos --- urban sprawl --- macroeconomics --- externalities --- budget --- spatial policy --- economic policy --- urban growth management --- land use planning --- zoning --- strategic spatial planning --- institutionalism --- discourse --- Antwerp --- Flanders --- land use transition --- innovation agglomeration --- industrial pollution --- environmental protection --- innovation-driven development --- sustainable land use --- urbanization --- spatial governance and planning --- Europe --- ESPON --- SECI expansion model --- local government --- green governance --- peer behavior --- green development --- rule by law --- law-based governance --- housing price --- sensitivity --- heterogeneity --- mediating mechanism --- land economic efficiency --- environmental pollution --- carbon emissions --- sustainable cities --- eastern China --- land policy --- planning system --- land-use planning --- land development --- urban development --- legal framework --- containment --- Poland --- Germany --- Spain --- green belt --- master plan --- planning history --- planning policy --- urban containment --- urban agriculture --- Kigali --- Singapore --- land-use policy --- spatial planning --- territorial governance --- land use --- law
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The book aims to explore the legal and administrative aspects of spatial governance and the challenges that their interaction entails. It does this through a number of chapters focusing on case studies located in different geographical areas of Europe and beyond. By doing this, the editors shed light on a set of challenges that emerge around the world at the intersection between the legal and administrative spheres during the governance and planning of territorial phenomena. The issues addressed in the various chapters highlight how spatial planning activities continue to face serious challenges that have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In more detail, a correlation emerges between the legal regulations that allow and shape spatial-planning activities and the socio-economic and territorial challenges that those activities should tackle. This is often a consequence of the path-dependent influence of the traditional administrative and spatial planning configuration, which presents an inertial resistance to change that is hard to overcome. A similar situation arises concerning the mismatch between the boundaries of the existing administrative units and the extent of territorial phenomena, with a system of judicial–territorial administration that does not always coincide with the boundaries of the fundamental administrative division of a country, leading to an overall deterioration of the conditions in which all actors involved in spatial development operate.
Peace studies & conflict resolution --- landscape urbanization --- metropolises --- agglomeration in Poland --- urban landscape intensity index --- local development --- local law --- budgets of local units --- financial consequences of spatial chaos --- urban sprawl --- macroeconomics --- externalities --- budget --- spatial policy --- economic policy --- urban growth management --- land use planning --- zoning --- strategic spatial planning --- institutionalism --- discourse --- Antwerp --- Flanders --- land use transition --- innovation agglomeration --- industrial pollution --- environmental protection --- innovation-driven development --- sustainable land use --- urbanization --- spatial governance and planning --- Europe --- ESPON --- SECI expansion model --- local government --- green governance --- peer behavior --- green development --- rule by law --- law-based governance --- housing price --- sensitivity --- heterogeneity --- mediating mechanism --- land economic efficiency --- environmental pollution --- carbon emissions --- sustainable cities --- eastern China --- land policy --- planning system --- land-use planning --- land development --- urban development --- legal framework --- containment --- Poland --- Germany --- Spain --- green belt --- master plan --- planning history --- planning policy --- urban containment --- urban agriculture --- Kigali --- Singapore --- land-use policy --- spatial planning --- territorial governance --- land use --- law
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"Despite assertions about the unprecedented nature of his presidency, few of Trump's policies have been novel; many had been proposed in varied form throughout the latter years of the 20th century. Yet it was not until 9/11 that many of these policies started to take hold. In this intellectual and political history, Greenberg traces the evolving language, law, governance and policy that began to redefine the nation in the wake of 9/11 and shows how these took a transformative step forward under Donald Trump. Rampant executive power, exceptionalism in foreign affairs, racism and xenophobia, disinformation, and a disdain for the law-all found secure footing initially after the attacks of 9/11 and with new energy and rootedness in the era of Trump. Ultimately, Greenberg shows how Trump repurposed the war on terror playbook and turned it on democracy itself. The book outlines the "subtle tools" that were put into place in the wake of 9/11 and that paved the way for Trump's politics today: imprecision and vagueness in language, secrecy and the hiding of facts, bureaucratic porousness, and the abandonment of norms. Greenberg shows, for instance, how the all-encompassing language used in the Authorizations for Use of Military Force (which ultimately authorized the Iraq War) became characteristic of other policies, providing legal grounding for previously illegal practices like the indefinite detention of "detainees" at Guantanamo Bay and of children and adults at the southern border. These tools--subtle enough to evade public scrutiny--hold the key, Greenberg argues, to understanding the trajectory of our democracy over the last two decades. In mapping out democratic vulnerabilities, the book also points to the reforms that would be needed to strengthen and ground American governance. Overall, the result is a book deeply grounded in interview, legal documents, and archival work that finds a new origin point for the story of the Trump-era and reveals the deep connection between the war and terror and our current political life"-- "How policies forged after September 11 were weaponized under Trump and turned on American democracy itself. In the wake of the September 11 terror attacks, the American government implemented a wave of overt policies to fight the nation's enemies. Unseen and undetected by the public, however, another set of tools were brought to bear on the domestic front. In this riveting book, one of today's leading experts on the US security state shows how these "subtle tools" imperiled the very foundations of democracy, from the separation of powers and transparency in government to adherence to the Constitution.Taking readers from Ground Zero to the Capitol insurrection, Karen Greenberg describes the subtle tools that were forged under George W. Bush in the name of security: imprecise language, bureaucratic confusion, secrecy, and the bypassing of procedural and legal norms. While the power and legacy of these tools lasted into the Obama years, reliance on them increased exponentially in the Trump era, both in the fight against terrorism abroad and in battles closer to home. Greenberg discusses how the Trump administration weaponized these tools to separate families at the border, suppress Black Lives Matter protests, and attempt to overturn the 2020 presidential election.Revealing the deeper consequences of the war on terror, Subtle Tools paints a troubling portrait of an increasingly undemocratic America where disinformation, xenophobia, and disdain for the law became the new norm, and where the subtle tools of national security threatened democracy itself"--
War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism, 2001-2009 --- Global War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- GWOT, 2001-2009 (War on Terrorism) --- Terror War, 2001-2009 --- Terrorism War, 2001-2009 --- War against Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- Military history, Modern --- Terrorism --- World politics --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -Politcal aspects. --- Prevention --- Trump, Donald, --- Trump, Donald J., --- Tramp, Donalʹd, --- Трамп, Дональд, --- 川普唐納德, --- The Donald, --- Donald, --- Trump, Donald John, --- United States --- Politics and government --- Politcal aspects. --- Abuse of power. --- Accountability. --- Activism. --- Aftermath of the September 11 attacks. --- Aircraft. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Assassination. --- At Best. --- Attempt. --- Ballot. --- By-law. --- Civil service. --- Cold War (1985–91). --- Complaint. --- Counter-terrorism. --- Credential. --- Crime. --- Declaration of war. --- Deference. --- Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. --- Deportation. --- Detainer. --- Directive (European Union). --- Director of National Intelligence. --- Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. --- Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. --- Donald Trump. --- Economy of Iran. --- Electoral fraud. --- Enemy combatant. --- Enhanced interrogation techniques. --- Establishment Clause. --- Executive order. --- Federal government of the United States. --- Fraud. --- Gennifer Flowers. --- George W. Bush. --- Governor of Oregon. --- Hillary Clinton. --- Homeland Security Act. --- Homeland security. --- Illegal immigration. --- Immigration policy. --- Immigration. --- Inauguration. --- Injunction. --- Inspector general. --- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. --- Islamic terrorism. --- James Comey. --- John Ashcroft. --- Joint session. --- Law enforcement. --- Lawsuit. --- Legislator. --- Louis Freeh. --- Michael Chertoff. --- Military deployment. --- Mission creep. --- Muslims (nationality). --- National Security Entry-Exit Registration System. --- National security. --- Nomination. --- Patriot Act. --- Plaintiff. --- Politics and the English Language. --- Posse Comitatus Act. --- Prisoner of war. --- Proclamation. --- Prosecutor. --- Protest. --- Qasem Soleimani. --- Recommendation (European Union). --- Refugee. --- Reince Priebus. --- Robert Bork. --- Robert F. Kennedy. --- Rubber bullet. --- Ryan Crocker. --- Secrecy. --- Solicitor General. --- Statute. --- Taliban. --- Targeted killing. --- Tear gas. --- Terrorism. --- Torture. --- Un-American. --- United States Department of Homeland Security. --- United States Department of State. --- Unrest. --- Vetting. --- Voting Rights Act of 1965. --- Voting. --- Waiver. --- War Powers Resolution. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Watergate scandal. --- White supremacy.
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"In Career and Family, Claudia Goldin builds on decades of complex research to examine the gender pay gap and the unequal distribution of labor between couples in the home. Goldin argues that although recent public and private discourse has brought these concerns to light, the actions taken-such as a single company slapped on the wrist or a few progressive leaders going on paternity leave-are the economic equivalent of tossing a band-aid to someone with cancer. These solutions, Goldin writes, treat the symptoms and not the disease of gender inequality in the workplace and economy. Goldin points to data that reveals how the pay gap widens further down the line in women's careers, about 10 to 15 years out, as opposed to those beginning careers after college. She examines five distinct groups of women over the course of the twentieth century: cohorts of women who differ in terms of career, job, marriage, and children, in approximated years of graduation-1900s, 1920s, 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s-based on various demographic, labor force, and occupational outcomes. The book argues that our entire economy is trapped in an old way of doing business; work structures have not adapted as more women enter the workforce. Gender equality in pay and equity in home and childcare labor are flip sides of the same issue, and Goldin frames both in the context of a serious empirical exploration that has not yet been put in a long-run historical context. Career and Family offers a deep look into census data, rich information about individual college graduates over their lifetimes, and various records and new sources of material to offer a new model to restructure the home and school systems that contribute to the gender pay gap and the quest for both family and career"--
Pay equity --- Wages --- Dual-career families --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / Marriage & Family --- Women --- Égalité de rémunération --- Salaires --- Familles à double carrière --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / Marriage & Family. --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Careers / General --- Dual-career families. --- Pay equity. --- Women employees --- Comparable worth --- Equal pay for comparable work --- Equal pay for work of comparable value --- Equity, Pay --- Worth, Comparable --- Career couples --- Couples, Dual-income --- Couples, Two-career --- Dual-career couples --- Dual-career marriage --- Dual-income couples --- Two-career couples --- Two-earner families --- Working couples --- Families --- Work and family --- Femmes --- Women. --- Salaries, etc. --- United States. --- AB --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattn --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērik --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerick --- Spojené staty americk --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheirice --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- ZSA --- ABŞ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Adrienne Rich. --- Age of majority. --- American Community Survey. --- Amy Klobuchar. --- Assisted reproductive technology. --- Associate degree. --- BAD RAP (organization). --- Barclays. --- Bill Clinton. --- Birth control. --- Buy-In. --- By-law. --- Cardiology. --- Career. --- Caregiver. --- Child care. --- Civil engineer. --- Clerk. --- Clothing. --- Competition. --- Computer scientist. --- Credit Suisse. --- Criticism. --- Culprit. --- Customer. --- De jure. --- Deed. --- Defendant. --- Dermatology. --- E. B. White. --- Economic history. --- Economic sector. --- Employment. --- Family medicine. --- Fertility. --- Financial services. --- First professional degree. --- Gary Becker. --- Graduation. --- Greenwich Village. --- Group One. --- High school movement. --- Honorific. --- Household. --- In vitro fertilisation. --- Income. --- Insurance. --- Investment banking. --- Jeane Kirkpatrick. --- Job security. --- Kaiser Permanente. --- Late bloomer. --- Lawsuit. --- Lesbian. --- Make A Difference. --- Marital status. --- Master of Arts. --- Michele Bachmann. --- Mother. --- Movie theater. --- National Bureau of Economic Research. --- National Education Association. --- Newbie. --- Official statistics. --- Parent-teacher conference. --- Pediatrics. --- Personal Satisfaction. --- Pharmacist. --- Physicist. --- Planned Parenthood. --- Pregnancy. --- Preschool. --- Psychologist. --- Racial segregation in the United States. --- Radcliffe College. --- Schlesinger Library. --- School district. --- Science education. --- Separate school. --- Sewing. --- Sharing. --- Shirley Chisholm. --- Shorthand. --- Sitting. --- Spencer Tracy. --- Technological change. --- The New York Times. --- Thomas Cook Group. --- Thought experiment. --- Three Girls (painting). --- Tim Cook. --- Typing. --- Underrepresented group. --- Unemployment. --- University of Minnesota. --- Virginia Apgar. --- Workplace. --- Work–life balance. --- Writing. --- Yvonne Brathwaite Burke.
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