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This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Predicting the time needed to complete a project, task or daily activity can be difficult and people frequently underestimate how long an activity will take. This book sheds light on why and when this happens, what we should do to avoid it and how to give more realistic time predictions. It describes methods for predicting time usage in situations with high uncertainty, explains why two plus two is usually more than four in time prediction contexts, reports on research on time prediction biases, and summarizes the evidence in support of different time prediction methods and principles. Based on a comprehensive review of the research, it is the first book summarizing what we know about judgment-based time predictions. Large parts of the book are directed toward people wishing to achieve better time predictions in their professional life, such as project managers, graphic designers, architects, engineers, film producers, consultants, software developers, or anyone else in need of realistic time usage predictions. It is also of benefit to those with a general interest in judgment and decision-making or those who want to improve their ability to predict and plan ahead in daily life.

Project management. --- Personnel management. --- Management information systems. --- Behavioral economics. --- Economics. --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics. --- Human Resource Management. --- Project Management. --- Software Management. --- Behavioral economics --- Behavioural economics --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Management --- Corporations --- Employment management --- Human resource management --- Human resources management --- Manpower utilization --- Personnel administration --- Public administration --- Employees --- Employment practices liability insurance --- Supervision of employees --- Industrial project management --- Communication systems --- Personnel management --- Behavioral/Experimental Economics --- Human Resource Management --- Project Management --- Software Management --- Behavioral Economics --- IT in Business --- time predictions --- human judgement --- overoptimism --- uncertainty --- open acces --- Personnel & human resources management --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications

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This open access book explores the global challenges and experiences related to digital entrepreneurial activities, using carefully selected examples from leading companies and economies that shape world business today and tomorrow. Digital entrepreneurship and the companies steering it have an enormous global impact; they promise to transform the business world and change the way we communicate with each other. These companies use digitalization and artificial intelligence to enhance the quality of decisions and augment their business and customer operations. This book demonstrates how cloud services are continuing to evolve; how cryptocurrencies are traded in the banking industry; how platforms are created to commercialize business, and how, taken together, these developments provide new opportunities in the digitalized era. Further, it discusses a wide range of digital factors changing the way businesses operate, including artificial intelligence, chatbots, voice search, augmented and virtual reality, as well as cyber threats and data privacy management. “Digitalization mirrors the Industrial Revolution’s impact. This book provides a complement of perspectives on the opportunities emanating from such a deep seated change in our economy. It is a comprehensive collection of thought leadership mapped into a very useful framework. Scholars, digital entrepreneurs and practitioners will benefit from this timely work.” Gina O’Connor, Professor of Innovation Management at Babson College, USA “This book defines and delineates the requirements for companies to enable their businesses to succeed in a post-COVID19 world. This book deftly examines how to accomplish and achieve digital entrepreneurship by leveraging cloud computing, AI, IoT and other critical technologies. This is truly a unique “must-read” book because it goes beyond theory and provides practical examples.” Charlie Isaacs, CTO of Customer Connection at Salesforce.com, USA "This book provides digital entrepreneurs useful guidance identifying, validating and building their venture. The international authors developed new perspectives on digital entrepreneurship that can support to create impact ventures.” Felix Staeritz, CEO FoundersLane, Member of the World Economic Forum Digital Leaders Board and bestselling author of FightBack, Germany.

Entrepreneurship. --- Information technology. --- Business—Data processing. --- Management. --- Industrial management. --- IT in Business. --- Innovation/Technology Management. --- Business administration --- Business enterprises --- Business management --- Corporate management --- Corporations --- Industrial administration --- Management, Industrial --- Rationalization of industry --- Scientific management --- Management --- Business --- Industrial organization --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Entrepreneurship --- IT in Business --- Innovation/Technology Management --- Business and Management --- Open Access --- Digital transformation and entrepreneurship --- ICT based business models --- AR and VR startups --- Digitalization and entrepreneurial ecosystems --- Digital entrepreneurship strategies --- Business models for digital business --- Creating digital intrapreneurs --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications --- Research & development management --- Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation

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This Open Access book presents the results of the "Collaborative Embedded Systems" (CrESt) project, aimed at adapting and complementing the methodology underlying modeling techniques developed to cope with the challenges of the dynamic structures of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) based on the SPES development methodology. In order to manage the high complexity of the individual systems and the dynamically formed interaction structures at runtime, advanced and powerful development methods are required that extend the current state of the art in the development of embedded systems and cyber-physical systems. The methodological contributions of the project support the effective and efficient development of CESs in dynamic and uncertain contexts, with special emphasis on the reliability and variability of individual systems and the creation of networks of such systems at runtime. The project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the case studies are therefore selected from areas that are highly relevant for Germany’s economy (automotive, industrial production, power generation, and robotics). It also supports the digitalization of complex and transformable industrial plants in the context of the German government's "Industry 4.0" initiative, and the project results provide a solid foundation for implementing the German government's high-tech strategy "Innovations for Germany" in the coming years.

Software engineering. --- Management information systems. --- Automotive engineering. --- Special purpose computers. --- Software Engineering. --- Software Management. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Special purpose computers --- Computers --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Management --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication systems --- Software Engineering --- Software Management --- Automotive Engineering --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems --- IT in Business --- Model-Driven Software Development --- Requirements Engineering --- Automotive Software Engineering --- Embedded Systems --- Open Access --- SPES Methodology --- Simulation --- Co-Design of Systems --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications --- Automotive technology & trades --- Automotive (motor mechanic) skills --- Expert systems / knowledge-based systems --- Computers, Special purpose.

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This open access book provides a broad range of insights on market engineering and information management. It covers topics like auctions, stock markets, electricity markets, the sharing economy, information and emotions in markets, smart decision-making in cities and other systems, and methodological approaches to conceptual modeling and taxonomy development. Overall, this book is a source of inspiration for everybody working on the vision of advancing the science of engineering markets and managing information for contributing to a bright, sustainable, digital world. Markets are powerful and extremely efficient mechanisms for coordinating individuals’ and organizations’ behavior in a complex, networked economy. Thus, designing, monitoring, and regulating markets is an essential task of today’s society. This task does not only derive from a purely economic point of view. Leveraging market forces can also help to tackle pressing social and environmental challenges. Moreover, markets process, generate, and reveal information. This information is a production factor and a valuable economic asset. In an increasingly digital world, it is more essential than ever to understand the life cycle of information from its creation and distribution to its use. Both markets and the flow of information should not arbitrarily emerge and develop based on individual, profit-driven actors. Instead, they should be engineered to serve best the whole society’s goals. This motivation drives the research fields of market engineering and information management. With this book, the editors and authors honor Professor Dr. Christof Weinhardt for his enormous and ongoing contribution to market engineering and information management research and practice. It was presented to him on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in April 2021. Thank you very much, Christof, for so many years of cooperation, support, inspiration, and friendship.

Information technology: general issues --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications --- Computer Applications --- IT in Business --- e-Commerce/e-business --- Computer and Information Systems Applications --- e-Commerce and e-Business --- Information Systems --- Information Management --- Business Information Systems --- e-Services --- e-Finance --- Decision Support Systems --- Open Access --- E-commerce: business aspects --- Application software. --- Business information services. --- Electronic commerce. --- Computer and Information Systems Applications. --- IT in Business. --- e-Commerce and e-Business. --- Cybercommerce --- E-business --- E-commerce --- E-tailing --- eBusiness --- eCommerce --- Electronic business --- Internet commerce --- Internet retailing --- Online commerce --- Web retailing --- Commerce --- Information superhighway --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Information services --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software

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This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2020, which was planned to be held during June 8-12, 2020, at the IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was postponed until an undetermined date. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a hybrid forum where agile researchers, academics, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. Following this history, for both researchers and seasoned practitioners XP 2020 provided an informal environment to network, share, and discover trends in Agile for the next 20 years. The 14 full and 2 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile adoption; agile practices; large-scale agile; the business of agile; and agile and testing. .

Software engineering. --- Information technology. --- Business—Data processing. --- Management information systems. --- Computer science. --- Software Engineering. --- IT in Business. --- Management of Computing and Information Systems. --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Management --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication systems --- Software Engineering --- IT in Business --- Management of Computing and Information Systems --- IT Operations --- Agile software development --- Software creation and management --- Scrum --- Lean software development --- Process management --- open access --- Test-driven development --- Project and people management --- Software development techniques --- Risk management --- Business mathematics & systems --- Business applications --- Information architecture --- Maintenance & repairs --- Business information services. --- Electronic data processing --- IT Operations. --- Management. --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Information services