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The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), is a serious pest and pathogen of forest tree species, in particular among the genus Pinus. It was first reported from Japan in the beginning of the XXth century, where it became the major ecological catastrophe of pine forests, with losses reaching over 2 million m3/ year in the 1980s. It has since then spread to other Asian countries such as China, Taiwan and Korea, causing serious losses and economic damage. In 1999, the PWN was first detected in the European Union (EU), in Portugal, and immmediately prompted several government (national and EU) actions to assess the extent of the nematode’s presence, and to contain B. xylophilus and its insect vector (Monochamus galloprovincialis) to an area with a 30km radius in the Setúbal Peninsula, 20 km south of Lisbon. International wood trade, with its political as well as economic ramifications, has been seriously jeopardized. The origin of the population of PWN found in Portugal remains elusive. Several hypotheses may be considered regarding pathway analysis, basically from two general origins: North America or the Far East (Japan or China). World trade of wood products such as timber, wooden crates, palettes, etc… play an important role in the potential dissemination of the pinewood nematode. In fact, human activities involving the movement of wood products may be considered the single most important factor in spreading of the PWN. Despite the dedicated and concerted actions of government agencies, this disease continues to spread. Very recently (2006), in Portugal, forestry and phytosanitary authorities (DGRF and DGPC) have announced a new strategy for the control and ultimately the erradication of the nematode, under the coordination of the national program for the control of the pinewood nematode (PROLUNP). Research regarding the bioecology of the nematode and insect as well as new detection methods, e.g., involving real-time PCR, has progressed since 1999. International agreements (GATT, WTO) and sharing of scientific information is of paramount importance to effectively control the nematode and its vector, and thus protect our forest ecosystems and forest economy.
Pinewood nematode. --- Pinewood nematode --- Conifer wilt. --- Pine --- Control. --- Diseases and pests --- Aphelenchoides lignophilus --- Aphelenchoides xylophilus --- Bursaphelenchus lignicolus --- Bursaphelenchus lignophilus --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- Laimaphelenchus lignophilus --- Pine wood nematode --- Bursaphelenchus --- Pine wilt disease --- Wilt disease of pine --- Wilt of conifers --- Conifers --- Nematode diseases of plants --- Wilt diseases --- Pines --- Pinus --- Pinaceae --- Forests and forestry. --- Plant diseases. --- Invertebrates. --- Plant Ecology. --- Forestry. --- Plant Pathology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Invertebrata --- Animals --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Pathology --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Plant pathology. --- Plant ecology. --- Floristic ecology
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Pinus --- Monochamus --- Vecteur de maladie --- Vectors --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- Cycle de développement --- life cycle --- Pathologie forestière --- forest pathology --- Choix des espèces --- Choice of species --- Résistance aux organismes nuisibles --- Pest resistance --- China --- Japon --- Japan --- Taïwan --- Taiwan --- Portugal --- USA --- Canada --- Mexico --- Sciences and engineering --- biological sciences --- agriculture --- plant pathology --- 595.132 --- 630*453 --- Nematodes. Roundworms. Threadworm. Eelworm. Vinegar eel. Gapeworm. Hookworm --- Damage by insects --- Theses --- 595.132 Nematodes. Roundworms. Threadworm. Eelworm. Vinegar eel. Gapeworm. Hookworm --- plant pathology. --- Taiwan. --- Biological sciences --- Agriculture --- Plant pathology.
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Forests are the richest and most complex ecosystems in the world. Due to the abundance of species and their intricate relationships, huge problems are faced when investigating and analyzing them, despite the fact that increasingly sophisticated research tools are currently available. This is also true in the case of the largest group of animals in the world, i.e., insects inhabiting the forest environment. We are currently living in times of dramatic environmental changes triggered by human activity. The effects of climate change are evident and lead to changes in forests. Growing numbers of insect species are being threatened, and it is our responsibility to protect them. This Special Issue of our journal aims to provide a platform for scientific discussions on an array of research problems, such as geographic or historic diversity of forest insects, their variability, habitat preferences, as well as their monitoring or use as bioindicators of environmental changes. We are convinced that this Special Issue will not only be a source of inspiration for further research but will also contribute to reaching a reasonable compromise between the necessary protection of forests and the need for economic benefits. It is our belief that entomological studies will be of considerable value in these efforts.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- pine --- Pinus --- invasion track --- new distribution --- alien --- trap --- Anisandrus dispar --- Cyclorhipidion bodoanum --- deadwood --- invasive species --- Xyleborus saxesenii --- Xyleborinus attenuatus --- Xylosandrus germanus --- Scolytinae --- Quercus --- associational susceptibility --- forest protection --- phenological synchrony --- Operophtera brumata --- Agriopis leucophaearia --- bud burst --- herbivory --- xylophagous beetles --- distribution --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- biodiversity --- Pinus sylvestris --- Coleoptera --- Ips typographus --- Thanasimus spp. --- bark beetles --- Norway spruce --- mass trapping --- attractants --- release rate --- trap type --- integrated pest management --- Collembola --- Arachnida --- Insecta --- ecology of arthropods --- zoogeography --- ambrosia beetle --- bark beetle --- MaxEnt --- insect pest --- alien species --- niche modelling --- biological invasions --- Lymantria dispar asiatica --- Asian spongy moth (ASM) --- female flight ability --- flight mill --- female age --- female flight duration --- female flight distance --- anthropogenic disturbances --- environmental monitoring --- forest reserve --- long-term research --- natural succession --- oak-hornbeam forests --- stability of mite communities --- Uropodina --- n/a
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Forest tree improvement has mainly been implemented to enhance the productivity of artificial forests. However, given the drastically changing global environment, improvement of various traits related to environmental adaptability is more essential than ever. This book focuses on genetic information, including trait heritability and the physiological mechanisms thereof, which facilitate tree improvement. Nineteen papers are included, reporting genetic approaches to improving various species, including conifers, broad-leaf trees, and bamboo. All of the papers in this book provide cutting-edge genetic information on tree genetics and suggest research directions for future tree improvement.
Research & information: general --- early selection --- stomatal characteristics --- water stress --- water relations --- specific leaf area --- Eucalyptus clones --- LTR-retrotransposon --- Ty3-gypsy --- Ty1-copia --- IRAP --- molecular markers --- bamboo --- Phyllostachys --- genetic diversity --- populations structure --- AMOVA --- central-marginal hypothesis --- cline --- Pinaceae --- trailing edge population --- Sakhalin fir --- sub-boreal forest --- gibberellin --- male strobilus induction --- transcriptome --- conifer --- Cryptomeria japonica --- linkage map --- male sterility --- marker-assisted selection --- C. fortunei --- differentially expressed genes --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- candidate genes --- Camellia oleifera --- leaf senescence --- transcriptome analysis --- senescence-associated genes --- physiological characterization --- cpDNA --- next generation sequencing --- northern limit --- nucleotide diversity --- phylogeny --- In/Del --- SNP --- SSR --- Chinese fir --- heartwood --- secondary metabolites --- widely targeted metabolomics --- flavonoids --- amplicon sequencing --- AmpliSeq --- genomic selection --- Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) --- multiplexed SNP genotyping --- spatial autocorrelation error --- pine wood disease --- resistance to pine wood nematode --- inoculation test --- multisite --- cumulative temperature --- Pinus thunbergii --- Thujopsis dolabrata --- EST-SSR markers --- varieties --- population structure --- pine wilt disease --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- genotype by environment interaction --- Japanese black pine --- variance component --- local adaptation --- silviculture --- seed zone --- tree improvement program --- breeding --- genotype × environment interaction --- mast seeding --- seed production --- thinning --- forest tree breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- epigenetics --- genotyping --- genomic prediction models --- quantitative trait locus --- breeding cycle --- Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis --- demographic history --- RAD-seq --- ancient tree --- conservation --- infrared thermography --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- cumulative drought stress --- genetic conservation --- genetic management --- pine wood nematode --- pine wood nematode-Pinus thunbergii resistant trees --- early selection --- stomatal characteristics --- water stress --- water relations --- specific leaf area --- Eucalyptus clones --- LTR-retrotransposon --- Ty3-gypsy --- Ty1-copia --- IRAP --- molecular markers --- bamboo --- Phyllostachys --- genetic diversity --- populations structure --- AMOVA --- central-marginal hypothesis --- cline --- Pinaceae --- trailing edge population --- Sakhalin fir --- sub-boreal forest --- gibberellin --- male strobilus induction --- transcriptome --- conifer --- Cryptomeria japonica --- linkage map --- male sterility --- marker-assisted selection --- C. fortunei --- differentially expressed genes --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- candidate genes --- Camellia oleifera --- leaf senescence --- transcriptome analysis --- senescence-associated genes --- physiological characterization --- cpDNA --- next generation sequencing --- northern limit --- nucleotide diversity --- phylogeny --- In/Del --- SNP --- SSR --- Chinese fir --- heartwood --- secondary metabolites --- widely targeted metabolomics --- flavonoids --- amplicon sequencing --- AmpliSeq --- genomic selection --- Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) --- multiplexed SNP genotyping --- spatial autocorrelation error --- pine wood disease --- resistance to pine wood nematode --- inoculation test --- multisite --- cumulative temperature --- Pinus thunbergii --- Thujopsis dolabrata --- EST-SSR markers --- varieties --- population structure --- pine wilt disease --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- genotype by environment interaction --- Japanese black pine --- variance component --- local adaptation --- silviculture --- seed zone --- tree improvement program --- breeding --- genotype × environment interaction --- mast seeding --- seed production --- thinning --- forest tree breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- epigenetics --- genotyping --- genomic prediction models --- quantitative trait locus --- breeding cycle --- Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis --- demographic history --- RAD-seq --- ancient tree --- conservation --- infrared thermography --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- cumulative drought stress --- genetic conservation --- genetic management --- pine wood nematode --- pine wood nematode-Pinus thunbergii resistant trees
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This book is a Special Issue on "Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology". It contains 1 editorial, 19 research papers and 2 review papers. The contributors come from 23 different countries around the world.
Insects (entomology) --- Aspergillus flavus --- aflatoxin B1 --- maize flour --- Tribolium castaneum --- food safety --- Cysteochila lineata --- DNA barcoding --- Neoplerochila paliatseasi --- Olea europaea --- Plerochila australis --- Acyrthosiphon pisum --- Therioaphis trifolii --- Aphis craccivora --- Coccinella septempunctata --- Hippodamia variegata --- population dynamics --- numerical responses --- molecular markers --- Pseudococcus --- Maconellicoccus hirsutus --- mealybug --- cacao --- Badnavirus --- virus vector --- Florida --- anthranilic diamide --- concrete surface --- insect --- mite --- pests --- Alientoma --- alien species --- invasive species --- citizen science --- public engagement --- Greece --- Drosophila melanogaster --- Drosophila subobscura --- egg-to-adult viability --- developmental time --- microbiota diversity --- lead exposure --- adaptation --- Anoplura --- Echinophthiriidae --- extreme environments --- distribution --- range --- dispersal --- South Siberia --- dynamics --- population --- plant protection --- outbreak --- Italian locust --- Corythucha ciliata --- mtDNA --- COI fragment length --- population genetics --- phylogeny --- invasive insect --- D. subobscura --- desiccation resistance --- starvation resistance --- chill coma recovery time --- heat knock-down resistance --- global warming --- life history --- laboratory evolution --- D. obscura --- Cyt b gene --- viability --- sex-ratio --- intra-population variation --- Chamaemyiidae --- Margarodidae --- voltinism --- egg development --- micromulsion --- postharvest pest --- grain coating --- essential oil --- stored-product pest --- taxonomy --- taxonomic impediment --- Aphidiinae --- parasitoids --- omnivorous predator --- Nesidiocoris tenuis --- Dicyphus cerastii --- plant damage --- zoophytophagy --- fruit injury --- protected crops --- biological control --- tomato --- honey bee --- microsatellite --- genetic diversity --- Bursaphelenchus spp. --- national survey program --- nematodes --- conifers --- wheat aphids --- thermal traits --- critical thermal maxima --- chronic temperature tolerance --- aphid endosymbionts --- bacterial gene abundance --- Ceratitis capitata --- Asaia --- Symbiotic Control --- termite systematic --- morphological traits --- morphometric measurements --- n/a
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Forest tree improvement has mainly been implemented to enhance the productivity of artificial forests. However, given the drastically changing global environment, improvement of various traits related to environmental adaptability is more essential than ever. This book focuses on genetic information, including trait heritability and the physiological mechanisms thereof, which facilitate tree improvement. Nineteen papers are included, reporting genetic approaches to improving various species, including conifers, broad-leaf trees, and bamboo. All of the papers in this book provide cutting-edge genetic information on tree genetics and suggest research directions for future tree improvement.
early selection --- stomatal characteristics --- water stress --- water relations --- specific leaf area --- Eucalyptus clones --- LTR-retrotransposon --- Ty3-gypsy --- Ty1-copia --- IRAP --- molecular markers --- bamboo --- Phyllostachys --- genetic diversity --- populations structure --- AMOVA --- central-marginal hypothesis --- cline --- Pinaceae --- trailing edge population --- Sakhalin fir --- sub-boreal forest --- gibberellin --- male strobilus induction --- transcriptome --- conifer --- Cryptomeria japonica --- linkage map --- male sterility --- marker-assisted selection --- C. fortunei --- differentially expressed genes --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- candidate genes --- Camellia oleifera --- leaf senescence --- transcriptome analysis --- senescence-associated genes --- physiological characterization --- cpDNA --- next generation sequencing --- northern limit --- nucleotide diversity --- phylogeny --- In/Del --- SNP --- SSR --- Chinese fir --- heartwood --- secondary metabolites --- widely targeted metabolomics --- flavonoids --- amplicon sequencing --- AmpliSeq --- genomic selection --- Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) --- multiplexed SNP genotyping --- spatial autocorrelation error --- pine wood disease --- resistance to pine wood nematode --- inoculation test --- multisite --- cumulative temperature --- Pinus thunbergii --- Thujopsis dolabrata --- EST-SSR markers --- varieties --- population structure --- pine wilt disease --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- genotype by environment interaction --- Japanese black pine --- variance component --- local adaptation --- silviculture --- seed zone --- tree improvement program --- breeding --- genotype × environment interaction --- mast seeding --- seed production --- thinning --- forest tree breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- epigenetics --- genotyping --- genomic prediction models --- quantitative trait locus --- breeding cycle --- Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis --- demographic history --- RAD-seq --- ancient tree --- conservation --- infrared thermography --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- cumulative drought stress --- genetic conservation --- genetic management --- pine wood nematode --- pine wood nematode-Pinus thunbergii resistant trees --- n/a
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