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This book provides an overview of the key political, economic and social challenges facing contemporary Myanmar and explains the complex historical and ethnic dynamics that have shaped the country. With clear and incisive contributions from the world's leading Myanmar scholars, this book assesses the policies and political reforms that have provoked contestation in Myanmar's recent history and driven both economic and social change. In this context, questions of economic ownership and control and the distribution of natural resources are shown to be deeply informed by longstanding fractures amongst ethnic and civil-military relations. The chapters analyse the key issues that constrain or expedite societal development in Myanmar and place recent events of national and international significance in the context of its complex history and social relations. In doing so, the book demonstrates that ethnic and cultural diversity is at the core of Myanmar's society and heavily influences all aspects of life in the country.

BURMA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- BURMA--ECONOMIC CONDITIONS --- BURMA--SOCIAL CONDITIONS

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With the world watching closely, Myanmar began a process of political, administrative and institutional transition from 30 January 2011. After convening the parliament, elected in November 2010, the former military regime transferred power to a new government headed by former Prime Minister (and retired general), U Thein Sein. With parliamentary processes restored in Myanmar's new capital of Naypyitaw, Thein Sein's government announced a wide-ranging reform agenda, and began releasing political prisoners and easing press censorship. Pivotal meetings between Thein Sein and Aung San Suu Kyi led to amendment of the Election Law and the National League for Democracy contesting by-elections in April 2012. The 2011 Myanmar/Burma update conference considered the openings offered by these political changes and media reforms and the potential opportunities for international assistance. Obstacles covered include impediments to the rule of law, the continuation of human rights abuses, the impunity of the Army, and the failure to end ethnic insurgency.

Burma -- Economic conditions -- Congresses. --- Burma -- Politics and government -- 21st century -- Congresses. --- Burma -- Politics and government. --- Journalism -- Political aspects -- Burma -- Congresses.

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This volume offers the most significant analysis of how parliament re-emerged in Myanmar in the span of a post-junta decade (2011-2021).

Democracy - Burma --- Burma - Politics and government - 21st century --- Democracy --- Burma --- Politics and government.

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Aung San Suu Kyi. --- Burma --- Birmanie --- Politics and government. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Aung San Suu Kyi --- Burma - Politics and government

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This paper examines why ethnic parties did well in Rakhine and Shan States despite the fact that the National League for Democracy (NLD) was given a manifest mandate by the Myanmar electorate to represent its interests nationwide. In Rakhine State, the electorate chose the Arakan National Party (ANP) over the other parties because of the fear that their cultural identity and right to govern themselves are threatened by Bamar political and cultural hegemony and Muslim/South Asian encroachment from the western border. In Shan State, excluding the self-administered areas, the vote was split between the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD) and the NLD. This was the only state/region where the USDP won the most number of seats. Given the lack of available data, the best explanation that can be offered at present is that the combination of non-state armed ethnic group fighting, recent ceasefire agreements, and economic development of places such as the self-administered areas and urban centres influenced Shan State voters to choose the USDP. The results of the election for ethnic affairs ministers approximate those of the nationwide results. Like the national and regional election results, the Rakhine as well as ethnic groups in Shan State voted for candidates from ethnic parties, indicating that the agenda of these ethnic parties is particularly important for those populations.

Campaigns & Elections. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / Campaigns & Elections. --- Rakhine State (Burma) --- Shan States, Northern (Burma) --- Shan States, Southern (Burma --- Southern Shan States (Burma) --- Northern Shan States (Burma) --- Arakan Division (Burma) --- Rahkaing (Burma) --- Yagaing Taing (Burma) --- Rakhuiṅʻ (Burma) --- Arakan State (Burma) --- Elections-Burma-Rakhine State. --- Elections-Burma-Shan State. --- Minorities-Political activity-Burma. --- Political parties-Burma-Rakhine State. --- Political parties-Burma-Shan State. --- Rakhine State (Burma)-Politics and government. --- Shan State (Burma)-Politics and government.