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Für gewöhnlich wird die Edo-Zeit (1603-1868) als eine stark hierarchisch gegliederte Gesellschaft beschrieben. Die Zugehörigkeit zu einer sozialen Gruppe war hierbei qua Geburt vorbestimmt, und die Kontrolle über die sogenannten vier Stände - Samurai, Bauern, Handwerker und Händler ("shi nō kō shō") - oblag ausschließlich der Shōgunatsregierung. Der vorliegende Band zeigt nun in 13 Beiträgen zuzüglich einer thematischen Einführung, dass die edo-zeitliche Gesellschaft in Wahrheit alles andere als ein statisches Konstrukt war. Mit der Perspektivierung auf die Gruppe der „Outcasts“ eröffnet der Band eine ganz neue Sichtweise auf die tatsächliche Verfasstheit der edo-zeitlichen Gesellschaftsordnung. Im Fokus stehen marginalisierte Gruppen, die aus unterschiedlichen Gründen aus der Normgesellschaft ausgeschlossen waren, sowie ihre inneren Organisationsstrukturen und die Mechanismen ihrer Segregation. Neben den "hinin" und "eta" als wohl bekannteste Outcast-Gruppen der japanischen Gesellschaft werden Prostituierte, Schauspieler, blinde Sänger sowie Bergleute, Gefangene und Wohnsitzlose in die wissenschaftliche Gesamtschau einbezogen. Zusätzlich lassen Repräsentationen der Outcasts auf Karten, Bildern, Theaterbühnen und schließlich auch auf Fotografien der Meiji-Zeit (1868-1912) deutlich werden, dass Outcasts keinesfalls, wie oft behauptet, eine ignorierte oder stigmatisierte Minderheit waren.

Sociology --- J4202 --- J4203 --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- social classes and groups -- middle class, shi-nō-kō-shō --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- social classes and groups -- outcasts, burakumin, hinin

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A sweeping work of original scholarship, Down and Out in Late Meiji Japan examines the daily lives of Japan's hinmin (poor people), particularly urban slum-dwellers, in the late 1800s and early 1900s. James Huffman draws on newspaper articles, official surveys, and reminiscences to recreate for readers life as experienced by the poor themselves-something not attempted before in scholarship on this era. He begins by explaining the causes behind the fast-increasing numbers of poor neighborhoods in major cities after the late 1880s and goes on to describe in fascinating detail what those neighborhoods looked like and what their inhabitants did for a living: collecting night soil, weaving textiles, making match boxes and other piecework, pulling rickshaws, building the structures that made Japan "modern," and supplying much of the era's entertainment, including sex. He also explores what hinmin did outside of work: what they ate, where they did their wash, how they stretched their meager budgets by using pawn brokers, and how they dealt with illness and other disasters and grappled with the painful necessity of sending children to work rather than to school.Huffman argues that despite the tremendous challenge of day-to-day living, hinmin confronted life as energetic agents, embracing it as avidly as members of the more affluent classes. Reading sources carefully, and often against the grain, he reveals that many of the poor found meaning in their work, took an active and even influential part in their cities' politics, and nursed ambitions for a better life. And nearly all took part in the pleasures and festivities that urban neighborhoods offered. Later chapters examine poverty outside the cities and the large-scale emigration of indigent farmers to Hawai'i's sugar plantations, beginning in 1885. In his conclusion, Huffman looks at late-Meiji hardship in light of twenty-first-century poverty and the global income disparity that has captured the public's attention in recent years.

Urban poor --- J4203 --- J4229 --- J4000.70 --- City dwellers --- Poor --- History --- Social conditions --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- social classes and groups -- outcasts, burakumin, hinin --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social policy and pathology -- homeless, pauperism --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- Kindai (1850s- ), bakumatsu, Meiji, Taishō --- Japan --- History. --- Social conditions.

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How do you write yourself into a literature that doesn't know you exist? This was the conundrum confronted by Nakagami Kenji (1946-1992), who counted himself among the buraku-min, Japan's largest minority. His answer brought the histories and rhetorical traditions of buraku writing into the high culture of Japanese literature for the first time and helped establish him as the most canonical writer born in postwar Japan. In Nakagami, Japan, Anne McKnight shows how the writer's exploration of buraku led to a unique blend of fiction and ethnography--which amounted to nothing less than a reimagining of modern Japanese literature. McKnight develops a parallax view of Nakagami's achievement, allowing us to see him much as he saw himself, as a writer whose accomplishments traversed both buraku literary arts and high literary culture in Japan. As she considers the ways in which Nakagami and other twentieth-century writers used ethnography to shape Japanese literature, McKnight reveals how ideas about language also imagined a transfigured relation to mainstream culture and politics. Her analysis of the resulting "rhetorical activism" lays bare Nakagami's unique blending of literature and ethnography within the context of twentieth-century ideas about race, ethnicity, and citizenship--in Japan, but also on an international scale.

Buraku people in literature --- Other (Philosophy) in literature --- Other minds (Theory of knowledge) in literature --- Nakagami, Kenji --- Nakkagami, Kenji, --- Nakagami, K. --- Nakaue, Kenji, --- 中上健次, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- J5931 --- J4203 --- Japan: Literature -- modern fiction and prose (1868- ) -- criticism --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- social classes and groups -- outcasts, burakumin, hinin --- Kenji, Nakagami --- Nakkagami, Kenji --- Nakaue, Kenji --- 中上健次

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Minorities --- Minorités --- Japan --- Japon --- Ethnic relations. --- Social conditions --- Relations interethniques --- Conditions sociales --- J4206 --- J4207 --- J4208 --- J4200 --- J4127 --- J4203 --- 844.1 Minderheden --- 846 Identiteit --- 883.2 Oost-Azië --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- racial and ethnic --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- native ethnicity and race --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- racial and ethnic -- immigrants --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social classes and groups, social systems and discrimination --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social identity and self --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- communities -- social classes and groups -- outcasts, burakumin, hinin --- Minorités --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation

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Shin Buddhism (Jōdo Shinshū), although weakened in many ways by secularization, continues to be a stable presence in Japanese society, as is emblematically shown by the very symmetrical position of the Nishi (Honganji-ha) and the Higashi Honganji (Ōtani-ha) head temples in the center of Kyōto, and by the recent projects for their renovation. This book addresses the need for more academic research on Shin Buddhism, and is specifically directed at describing and analyzing distinctive social aspects of this religious tradition in historical and contemporary perspective. The contributions collected here cover a wide range of issues, including the intersection between Shin Buddhism and fields as diverse as politics, education, social movements, economy, culture and the media, social ethics, gender, and globalization.

Shin (Sect) --- Religion and sociology --- Shin (Secte) --- Sociologie religieuse --- Social aspects --- Aspect social --- 294.3*922.2 --- Leer van het Mahayanaboeddhisme: Madhyamika (Nagarjuna; Sanron); Yogacara (Vasubandu; Hosso); Avatamsaka (Kegon); Saddharmapundarika (Tendai); Zuivere Land (Jodo; Shin; Ji); Nichiren --- 294.3*922.2 Leer van het Mahayanaboeddhisme: Madhyamika (Nagarjuna; Sanron); Yogacara (Vasubandu; Hosso); Avatamsaka (Kegon); Saddharmapundarika (Tendai); Zuivere Land (Jodo; Shin; Ji); Nichiren --- Social aspects. --- Jodo-shin-shu --- Buddhist sects --- Pure Land Buddhism --- Shin (Sect) - Social aspects --- Religion and sociology - Japan --- Shin Buddhism --- Japanese society --- Honen's Pure Land doctrines --- Burakumin --- the Edo period --- Shinsu studies --- liberal thought in Japan --- gender --- media --- Shin Buddhism and globalization --- Japan --- japanese religions --- Buddhism