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Lung Transplantation --- Bronchiolitis Obliterans --- adverse effects --- etiology

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Bronchiolitis is a viral-induced respiratory infection that is commonly encountered in infants. It starts with symptoms of a cold and cough. After a few days, it can be associated with respiratory distress and is often accompanied by difficulty feeding. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause. A visit to the doctor is recommended to diagnose the disease, to exclude symptoms that may require hospitalization and to prescribe appropriate treatment. Treatment of bronchiolitis in infants is mostly outpatient; hospitalization is required only in a small percentage of cases. It is mainly symptomatic and consists of comfort measures such as adequate hydration, adequate food, clearing of the nasal passages and treatment of fever. Chest physiotherapy is often prescribed because of respiratory congestion but its effectiveness is debated. Pharmacological treatment, although widely prescribed, is also controversial. Ribavirin, an antiviral agent active against RSV, is the only curative treatment existing but its use is recommended only in a limited number of cases, in hospitals. The administration of bronchodilators and corticosteroids is based on the pathophysiology of the disease but no clinical studies have shown benefits. Treatment under medical supervision is recommended in some patients because of potential allergic reactions. Antitussives and mucolytics are, meanwhile, banned for infants. Prevention such as hygiene measures is essential, especially in nurseries or hospitals, as well as the administration of palivizumab in children at risk. The pharmacist’s role is essential in the management of bronchiolitis. His advice are useful when a treatment has been prescribed but also when parents come to ask for a medicine to relieve respiratory symptoms of their child. His knowledge of the warning signs and risk groups enables a proper (and fast) orientation of treatment for these sick infants La bronchiolite est une infection respiratoire d’origine virale qui est couramment rencontrée chez le nourrisson. Elle se manifeste initialement par un rhume et de la toux qui, après quelques jours, peuvent être associées à une détresse respiratoire, souvent accompagnée d’une difficulté pour s’alimenter. Le virus respiratoire syncitial (VRS) est le principal pathogène responsable. Une consultation chez le médecin s’impose afin de poser le diagnostic de la maladie, d’exclure tout signe de gravité qui nécessiterait une hospitalisation et de prescrire un traitement adapté. Le traitement de la bronchiolite du nourrisson se fait la plupart du temps en ambulatoire, une hospitalisation étant requise dans un faible pourcentage des cas. Il est principalement symptomatique et consiste en des mesures de confort que sont une bonne hydratation, une alimentation adéquate, le dégagement des voies nasales et le traitement de la fièvre. Des séances de kinésithérapie respiratoire sont souvent prescrites en raison de l’encombrement des voies respiratoires mais son efficacité est discutée. Le traitement pharmacologique, bien que largement prescrit, est lui aussi controversé. La ribavirine, un agent antiviral efficace contre le VRS, est le seul traitement curatif existant; son utilisation n’est recommandée que dans des cas limités, en milieu hospitalier. L’administration de bronchodilatateurs et de corticoïdes se base sur la physiopathologie de la maladie mais aucune étude clinique n’en a démontré les bénéfices; un traitement sous contrôle médical est justifié chez certains malades en raison de la possibilité d’un terrain allergique sous-jacent. Antitussifs et mucolytiques sont, quant à eux, proscrits chez les nourrissons. La prévention consiste en des mesures d’hygiène, indispensables dans les crèches ou à l’hôpital, et en l’administration de palivizumab chez les enfants à risque. Le rôle du pharmacien est essentiel dans la prise en charge des bronchiolites. Ses conseils sont utiles quand un traitement a été prescrit mais aussi lorsque des parents viennent demander un médicament pour soulager les symptômes respiratoires de leur enfant Sa connaissance des signes d’alarme et des groupes à risque permet une orientation optimale (et rapide) de ces nourrissons malades

Bronchiolitis --- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, human --- Infant, Newborn --- Infant

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Radiology is evolving at a fast pace, and the specific field of cardiovascular and thoracic imaging is no stranger to that trend. While it could, at first, seem unusual to gather these two specialties in a common Issue, the very fact that many of us are trained and exercise in both is more than a hint to the common grounds these fields are sharing. From the ever-increasing role of artificial intelligence in the reconstruction, segmentation, and analysis of images to the quest of functionality derived from anatomy, their interplay is big, and one innovation developed with the former in mind could prove useful for the latter. If the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shed light on the decisive diagnostic role of chest CT and, to a lesser extent, cardiac MR, one must not forget the major advances and extensive researches made possible in other areas by these techniques in the past years. With this Issue, we aim at encouraging and wish to bring to light state-of-the-art reviews, novel original researches, and ongoing discussions on the multiple aspects of cardiovascular and chest imaging.

Medical equipment & techniques --- lung transplantation --- image processing --- computer-assisted --- pulmonary disease --- chronic obstructive --- bronchiolitis obliterans --- cardiac --- heart --- magnetic resonance --- CMR --- compressed sensing --- congenital heart disease --- GUCH --- real-time imaging --- fast imaging --- function --- retrospective --- retrogating --- image quality --- carcinoid tumor --- neoplasm metastasis --- lymphatic metastasis --- multidetector computed tomography --- neuroendocrine cells --- asbestos-exposition --- HRCT --- asbestosis --- real-time --- arrhythmia --- artifact --- radiation dosage --- lung --- helical computed tomography --- dual-energy CT --- iodine --- diagnostic imaging --- myocarditis --- extra-cellular volume --- thorax --- computed tomography --- photon-counting detectors --- lung transplantation --- image processing --- computer-assisted --- pulmonary disease --- chronic obstructive --- bronchiolitis obliterans --- cardiac --- heart --- magnetic resonance --- CMR --- compressed sensing --- congenital heart disease --- GUCH --- real-time imaging --- fast imaging --- function --- retrospective --- retrogating --- image quality --- carcinoid tumor --- neoplasm metastasis --- lymphatic metastasis --- multidetector computed tomography --- neuroendocrine cells --- asbestos-exposition --- HRCT --- asbestosis --- real-time --- arrhythmia --- artifact --- radiation dosage --- lung --- helical computed tomography --- dual-energy CT --- iodine --- diagnostic imaging --- myocarditis --- extra-cellular volume --- thorax --- computed tomography --- photon-counting detectors

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In Infectieziekten en afweerstoornissen bij kinderen worden de ziektegeschiedenissen gepresenteerd van 39 kinderen. Daarin komen de meest relevante bij kinderen voorkomende infectieziekten en afweerstoornissen aan bod, van streptokokkeninfecties tot lymeziekte, van de ziekte van Kawasaki tot ataxia teleangiectasia.Achtergronden en consequenties van elke aandoening worden uitgebreid besproken, waarbij ruim gebruik is gemaakt van speciaal voor deze uitgave vervaardigde illustraties.Het boek is tot stand gekomen op initiatief van kinderarts prof. Marceline van Furth en bevat bijdragen van talrijke experts uit Nederland en België. Door de gekozen opzet is het boek zowel geschikt voor studenten die zich willen scholen in de kinderinfectieziekten en kinderimmunologie, als voor kinderartsen (in opleiding) en allen die betrokken zijn bij de behandeling van zieke kinderen.

IgM (immunoglobuline M) --- besmettelijke ziekten --- urinewegeninfecties --- TBC (tuberculose) --- salmonella-infectie --- candidiasis --- HIV infecties --- hepatitis B --- kinderen --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- longontsteking --- AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) --- peritonitis --- cytomegalie --- malaria --- Lyme-borreliose --- osteomyelitis --- bronchiolitis --- encefalitis --- tonsillitis --- aspergillose --- Kawasaki-ziekte --- toxisch-infectieuze shock --- meningitis --- bacterie-infectie --- otitis media --- stamceltransplantatie --- herpes --- influenza --- leukocytosis --- Infectieziekten ; kinderen --- Besmettelijke ziekten --- Kinderen --- Kind --- Immunopathologie --- 616.9 --- 616.9 Communicable diseases. Infectious and contagious diseases, fevers --- Communicable diseases. Infectious and contagious diseases, fevers --- Besmettelijke ziekte --- Jeugd --- Media --- Ontwikkelingsstoornis --- Fysiotherapie

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Radiology is evolving at a fast pace, and the specific field of cardiovascular and thoracic imaging is no stranger to that trend. While it could, at first, seem unusual to gather these two specialties in a common Issue, the very fact that many of us are trained and exercise in both is more than a hint to the common grounds these fields are sharing. From the ever-increasing role of artificial intelligence in the reconstruction, segmentation, and analysis of images to the quest of functionality derived from anatomy, their interplay is big, and one innovation developed with the former in mind could prove useful for the latter. If the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shed light on the decisive diagnostic role of chest CT and, to a lesser extent, cardiac MR, one must not forget the major advances and extensive researches made possible in other areas by these techniques in the past years. With this Issue, we aim at encouraging and wish to bring to light state-of-the-art reviews, novel original researches, and ongoing discussions on the multiple aspects of cardiovascular and chest imaging.

Medical equipment & techniques --- lung transplantation --- image processing --- computer-assisted --- pulmonary disease --- chronic obstructive --- bronchiolitis obliterans --- cardiac --- heart --- magnetic resonance --- CMR --- compressed sensing --- congenital heart disease --- GUCH --- real-time imaging --- fast imaging --- function --- retrospective --- retrogating --- image quality --- carcinoid tumor --- neoplasm metastasis --- lymphatic metastasis --- multidetector computed tomography --- neuroendocrine cells --- asbestos-exposition --- HRCT --- asbestosis --- real-time --- arrhythmia --- artifact --- radiation dosage --- lung --- helical computed tomography --- dual-energy CT --- iodine --- diagnostic imaging --- myocarditis --- extra-cellular volume --- thorax --- computed tomography --- photon-counting detectors