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A Political History of the Gambia: 1816-1994 is the first complete account of the political history of the former British West African dependency to be written. It makes use of much hitherto unconsulted or unavailable British and Gambian official and private documentary sources, as well as interviews with many Gambian politicians and former British colonial officials.
The first part of the book charts the origins and characteristics of modern politics in colonial Bathurst (Banjul) and its expansion into the Gambian interior (Protectorate) in the two decades after World War II. By independence in 1965, older urban-based parties in the capital had been defeated by a new, rural-based political organisation, the People's Progressive Party (PPP).
The second part of the book analyzes the means by which the PPP, under President Sir Dawda Jawara, succeeded in defeating both existing and new rival political parties and an attempted coup in 1981. The book closes with an explanation of the demise of the PPP at the hands of an army coup in 1994.
The book not only establishes those distinctive aspects of Gambian political history, but also relates these to the wider regional and African context, during the colonial and independence periods.

Emeritus Professor Arnold Hughes was educated at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and Ibadan University, Nigeria. Between 1966 and 2001 he taught at the Centre of West African Studies, the University of Birmingham, becoming its Director and Professor of African Politics. He has researched and published widely on various aspects of African politics and political history and, since, 1972, developed a special interest in the political history of the Gambia. He has paid some twenty-five research visits to the Gambia and published two books, The Gambia: Studies in Society and Politics (1991) and Historical Dictionary of the Gambia (with H. A. Gailey) (1999); and over thirty articles and book chapters on Gambian politics.

#SBIB:96G --- #SBIB:328H419 --- Geschiedenis van Afrika --- Instellingen en beleid: andere Afrikaanse landen --- Gambia --- Politics and government. --- GambiaPolitics and government. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Colonialism & Post-Colonialism. --- British rule. --- Gambia. --- Independence. --- Jawara government. --- Political history.

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How did the British come to conquer South Asia in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? Answers to this question usually start in northern India, neglecting the dramatic events that marked Britain's contemporaneous subjugation of the island of Sri Lanka. In Islanded, Sujit Sivasundaram reconsiders the arrival of British rule in South Asia as a dynamic and unfinished process of territorialization and state building, revealing that the British colonial project was framed by the island's traditions and maritime placement and built in part on the model they provided. Using palm-leaf manuscripts from Sri Lanka to read the official colonial archive, Sivasundaram tells the story of two sets of islanders in combat and collaboration. He explores how the British organized the process of "islanding": they aimed to create a separable unit of colonial governance and trade in keeping with conceptions of ethnology, culture, and geography. But rather than serving as a radical rupture, he reveals, islanding recycled traditions the British learned from Kandy, a kingdom in the Sri Lankan highlands whose customs-from strategies of war to views of nature-fascinated the British. Picking up a range of unusual themes, from migration, orientalism, and ethnography to botany, medicine, and education, Islanded is an engaging retelling of the advent of British rule.

Political psychology --- Sri Lanka --- Great Britain --- Colonization. --- Politics and government --- Relations --- sri lanka, great britain, indian ocean, colony, colonialism, colonial, imperialism, south asia, subjugation, british rule, territorialization, state building, manuscript, island, islanders, islanding, government, governance, governing, ethnology, culture, geography, cultural studies, kandy, customs, migration, ethnography, botany, medicine, education, politics, interactions, trade, land. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Grande-Bretagne

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Mark Twain among the Indians and Other Indigenous Peoples is the first book-length study of the writer's evolving views regarding the aboriginal inhabitants of North America and the Southern Hemisphere, and his deeply conflicted representations of them in fiction, newspaper sketches, and speeches. Using a wide range of archival materials-including previously unexamined marginalia in books from Clemens's personal library-Driscoll charts the development of the writer's ethnocentric attitudes about Indians and savagery in relation to the various geographic and social milieus of communities he inhabited at key periods in his life, from antebellum Hannibal, Missouri, and the Sierra Nevada mining camps of the 1860s to the progressive urban enclave of Hartford's Nook Farm. The book also examines the impact of Clemens's 1895-96 world lecture tour, when he traveled to Australia and New Zealand and learned firsthand about the dispossession and mistreatment of native peoples under British colonial rule. This groundbreaking work of cultural studies offers fresh readings of canonical texts such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Roughing It, and Following the Equator, as well as a number of Twain's shorter works.

Indians of North America --- Indians in literature. --- Social conditions --- Twain, Mark, --- Clemens, Orion, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Characters --- Indians. --- Political and social views. --- West (U.S.) --- In literature. --- 1860s. --- aboriginal inhabitants. --- antebellum hannibal. --- archival materials. --- british rule. --- communities. --- conflicted representations. --- ethnocentric attitudes. --- fiction. --- indians. --- mining camps. --- missouri. --- native peoples. --- newspaper sketches. --- nook farm. --- north america. --- progressive urban. --- savagery. --- sierra nevada. --- social milieus. --- southern hemisphere. --- speeches. --- unexamined marginalia. --- world lecture tour.

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This book explores the financial relationship between the Indian government, as represented by the India Office, and the City of London during the period of direct British rule. The universally accepted view is that the Office acted in the interests of the City and to the detriment of India. 'Financing the Raj' disputes this conclusion. It argues that India was a constituent part of the City, contributing to and benefitting from its operation through the formation of close symbiotic and trust relationships, the exchange of gifts, the recycling of funds, and, perhaps most significantly, the support of the gold standard. The book examines the Office's activities from a British and practical perspective. In the first part, the issue and sale/purchase on the London market of Indian government debt is explored. Next, the author discusses the purchase of silver and the 'scandal' of 1912, when the award of a major contract to the family firm of the Under Secretary of State for India led to accusations of cronyism and fraud. The finance of Indian trade, the management of exchange rates and the transfer from India to London of the money needed to meet the Indian government's UK commitments are then investigated. The book concludes with an analysis of the Office's investment role and its management of the three cash reserves held in the capital. 'Financing the Raj' overturns many myths, demonstrating that those involved in Indian finance did work in the best interests of India and were well aware of the close interrelationship between Indian finance, the City of London and the wider British economy. It will be of interest both to historians of empire and historians of finance. DAVID SUNDERLAND is Reader in Business History at the University of Greenwich and the author of four monographs and numerous articles on the economic history of London, British Imperialism and nineteenth-century social capital. He is also Series and Collection editor of Pickering & Chatto's Britain and Africa series of source monographs.

Government lending --- Government loans --- Loans --- Linked deposit programs --- Great Britain. --- India --- Great Britain --- Economic policy --- Colonies --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- India Office (Great Britain) --- Bharat --- Bhārata --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Indii︠a︡ --- Indland --- Indo --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- インド --- هند --- Индия --- 1800-1999 --- HISTORY / Asia / India & South Asia. --- British Economy. --- British Imperialism. --- British Rule. --- City of London. --- Colonial India. --- Finance. --- Financing. --- Gold Standard. --- India Office. --- Indian Government. --- Symbiotic Relationships.

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As collective violence erupts in many regions throughout the world, we often hear media reports that link the outbreaks to age-old ethnic or religious hostilities, thereby freeing the state, its agents, and its political elites from responsibility. Paul Brass encourages us to look more closely at the issues of violence, ethnicity, and the state by focusing on specific instances of violence in their local contexts and questioning the prevailing interpretations of them. Through five case studies of both rural and urban public violence, including police-public confrontations and Hindu-Muslim riots, Brass shows how, out of many possible interpretations applicable to these incidents, government and the media select those that support existing relations of power in state and society. Adopting different modes - narrator, detective, and social scientist - Brass treats incidents of collective violence arising initially out of common occurrences such as a drunken brawl, the rape of a girl, and the theft of an idol, and demonstrates how some incidents remain localized while others are fit into broader frameworks of meaning, thereby becoming useful for upholders of dominant ideologies. Incessant talk about violence and its implications in these circumstances contributes to its persistence rather than its reduction. Such treatment serves in fact to mask the causes of violence, displace the victims from the center of attention, and divert society's gaze from those responsible for its endemic character. Brass explains how this process ultimately implicates everyone in the perpetuation of systems of violence.

Sociology of minorities --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- National movements --- India --- #SBIB:309H518 --- #SBIB:324H73 --- #SBIB:309H504 --- Verbale communicatie: sociologie, antropologie, sociolinguistiek --- Politieke verandering: oppositie en minderheid, protest, politiek geweld --- Code en boodschap: sociologische, antropologische benadering --- Ethnicity --- Case studies --- Ethnic relations --- Politics and government --- Riots --- Violence --- Political aspects --- Case studies. --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Civil disorders --- Assembly, Right of --- History --- Offenses against public safety --- Political violence --- Crowds --- Demonstrations --- Mobs --- Street fighting (Military science) --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Political aspects&delete& --- Indland --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Republic of India --- Bhārata --- Indii︠a︡ --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Bharat --- Government of India --- インド --- Indo --- هند --- Индия --- Advani, Lal Kishan. --- Aligarh. --- Arya Samaj. --- Ayodhya. --- Babari Masjid. --- Bajrang Dal. --- Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). --- Brahmans. --- British rule. --- Chaman Ganj (Kanpur). --- Colonelganj. --- Delhi. --- Deoria district. --- District Magistrate. --- English language. --- First Information Reports (FIRs). --- Gandhi, Indira. --- Hata police station. --- Hindu community. --- Hindu–Muslim relations. --- Indian National Congress. --- Jains. --- Khatikana (Kanpur). --- Lok Dal. --- Nuruddin (pseudonym). --- Parliament. --- Ram. --- army. --- atrocities. --- caste. --- communalism. --- corruption. --- criminals. --- elections. --- faith. --- ideologies. --- law and order. --- methodology. --- pogroms. --- power. --- riots. --- Violence. --- Riots. --- Politics and government. --- Ethnicity. --- Ethnic relations. --- Religija --- Etnični konflikti --- Nasilje --- Inter-ethnic relations --- Interethnic relations --- Relations among ethnic groups --- Acculturation --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Ethnic groups --- Ethnology --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Minorities --- Race relations --- Political aspects. --- India. --- Indi --- Indii͡ --- Hindu-Muslim relations.