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The first relational study of twentieth-century U.S. guestworker programs from Mexico and the Caribbean, Contracting Freedom explores how 1940s debates over labor programs elided race and empire while further legitimating and extending U.S. domination abroad in the post-World War II era.

HISTORY / United States / 20th Century. --- American History. --- American Studies. --- Seasonal Farm Laborers Program. --- Bracero Program --- Programa Bracero

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Uncovers the long history of how Latino manhood was integral to the formation of Latino identity In the first ever book-length study of Latino manhood before the Civil Rights Movement, Before Chicano examines Mexican American print culture to explore how conceptions of citizenship and manhood developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The year 1848 saw both the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the U.S. Mexican War and the year of the Seneca Falls Convention, the first organized conference on women’s rights in the United States. These concurrent events signaled new ways of thinking about U.S. citizenship, and placing these historical moments into conversation with the archive of Mexican American print culture, Varon offers an expanded temporal frame for Mexican Americans as long-standing participants in U.S. national projects. Pulling from a wide-variety of familiar and lesser-known works—from fiction and newspapers to government documents, images, and travelogues—Varon illustrates how Mexican Americans during this period envisioned themselves as U.S. citizens through cultural depictions of manhood. Before Chicano reveals how manhood offered a strategy to disparate Latino communities across the nation to imagine themselves as a cohesive whole—as Mexican Americans—and as political agents in the U.S. Though the Civil Rights Movement is typically recognized as the origin point for the study of Latino culture, Varon pushes us to consider an intellectual history that far predates the late twentieth century, one that is both national and transnational. He expands our framework for imagining Latinos’ relationship to the U.S. and to a past that is often left behind.

Citizenship --- Mexican Americans --- History --- Ethnic identity --- United States. --- Adolfo Carrillo. --- America First. --- American citizenship. --- American democratic individualism. --- American literature. --- American political history. --- Américo Paredes. --- Bracero Program. --- Catarino Garza. --- Charles Lummis. --- Chicano movement. --- Chicano. --- Donald Trump and immigration. --- Gertrude Atherton. --- Josefina Niggli. --- José Antonio Villarreal. --- Jovita Gonzalez. --- Juan Nepomuceno Cortina. --- Latino Studies. --- Latino culture. --- Latino identity. --- Manuel Cabeza de Baca. --- Mexican American bandit. --- Mexican American war. --- Mexican American. --- Mexican Revolution. --- Monterrey. --- México de afuera. --- Spanish fantasy heritage. --- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. --- U.S. citizenship. --- Vicente Silva. --- Woodrow Wilson. --- World War I. --- expatriate. --- immigrant labor. --- immigration. --- manhood and masculinity. --- nationalism. --- racialization. --- sexuality. --- transnationalism. --- xenophobia.

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Structured to meet employers' needs for low-wage farm workers, the well-known Bracero Program recruited thousands of Mexicans to perform physical labor in the United States between 1942 and 1964 in exchange for remittances sent back to Mexico. As partners and family members were dispersed across national borders, interpersonal relationships were transformed. The prolonged absences of Mexican workers, mostly men, forced women and children at home to inhabit new roles, create new identities, and cope with long-distance communication from fathers, brothers, and sons. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources, Ana Elizabeth Rosas uncovers a previously hidden history of transnational family life. Intimate and personal experiences are revealed to show how Mexican immigrants and their families were not passive victims but instead found ways to embrace the spirit (abrazando el espíritu) of making and implementing difficult decisions concerning their family situations-creating new forms of affection, gender roles, and economic survival strategies with long-term consequences.

Foreign workers, Mexican --- Migrant agricultural laborers --- Mexicans --- Families --- Immigrant families --- Families of emigrants --- Agricultural migrants --- Migrant agricultural workers --- Migrant farm workers --- Migrants --- Alien labor, Mexican --- Mexican foreign workers --- Family --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- History --- Social conditions --- Social aspects --- Mexico --- United States --- Meksiko --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- Meksyk --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Meḳsiḳe --- Mexique (Country) --- Messico --- Méjico --- República Mexicana --- United States of Mexico --- United Mexican States --- Anáhuac --- Emigration and immigration --- Social aspects. --- メキシコ --- Mekishiko --- מקסיקו --- Agricultural laborers --- Migrant labor --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Home --- Households --- Kinship --- Marriage --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy --- Ethnology --- Maxico --- 20th century american history. --- affection. --- american crossroads series. --- american immigration. --- bracero program. --- economic struggles. --- family situations. --- family. --- farm workers. --- farming. --- gender roles. --- history. --- immigration. --- interpersonal relationships. --- labor history. --- labor. --- long distance communication. --- low wage farmers. --- mexican field workers. --- mexican immigrants. --- mexican workers. --- mexico. --- national borders. --- personal experiences. --- physical workers. --- political. --- remittances. --- survival. --- transnational family life. --- united states of america.