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Oxidation. --- Asymmetric synthesis --- Bond formation --- Deprotonation --- Reduction

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ELECTRON TRANSFER --- BOND CLEAVAGE --- BOND FORMATION

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REACTION KINETICS --- METALS --- PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS --- HYDROLYSIS --- NUCLEOTIDYLTRANSFERASE --- PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES --- GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES --- CARBOXYLATION --- DECARBOXYLATION --- BOND FORMATION --- RADICALS (CHEMISTRY) --- OXYGEN --- CYTOCHROME P-450 --- REACTIONS

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Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling remains a powerful tool in organic synthesis for C–C bond formation and has various industrial applications, for example, the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and materials. Intensive research efforts are being made into finding ways of improving and expanding the scope of this process, and the development of more efficient catalytic systems for this extremely important reaction is still a hot research topic of enormous academic and industrial interest. This Special Issue, consisting of four reviews, two communications and six articles, focuses on recent promising research and novel trends in the broad field of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling employing a range of different palladium catalysts. Homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis in organic or aqueous medium, using conventional conditions or non-conventional techniques such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation, grinding and photo-activated processes as green chemistry approaches, as well as continuous flow technology are included. The catalysts described herein are unsupported metal complexes, catalysts immobilized on solid supports, ligand-free catalytic systems or metal nanoparticles.

Phosphane-free ligand --- Metal nanoparticles --- Heterogeneous catalysis --- Cross-coupling --- Multiphase catalysis --- C-C bond formation --- Phosphane ligand --- Homogeneous catalysis --- Metal complex --- Noble metals

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During the past fifteen years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of different surfaces whose structures have been determined experimentally. For example, whereas in 1979 there were only 25 recorded adsorption structures, to date there are more than 250. This volume is therefore a timely review of the state-of-the-art in this dynamic field. Chapter one contains a compilation of the structural data base on surfaces within a series of tables that allows direct comparison of structural parameters for related systems. Experimental structural trends amongst both clean surfaces and ad

Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Cohesion. --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Adhesion --- Cohesion --- 538.91 --- 538.97 --- 538.97 Special geometry and interaction with particles and radiation --- Special geometry and interaction with particles and radiation --- 538.91 Structures, including transitions --- Structures, including transitions --- Bond formation --- Crystal structure --- Phase transition --- Reactivity (chemical) --- Surface structure