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Biodiversity. --- Biotechnology. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Plantes medicinals --- Biotecnologia vegetal --- Biotecnologia dels conreus --- Biotecnologia de les plantes --- Biotecnologia agrícola --- Enginyeria genètica vegetal --- Obtencions vegetals (Dret) --- Herbes medicinals --- Plantes remeieres --- Plantes útils --- Àloes --- Dulcamara --- Equinàcies --- Espígols --- Fitocosmètics --- Valeriana --- Botànica mèdica --- Fitoteràpia --- Tisanes

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Plants have always occupied a prominent position in the life of every living being. Plants are the primary source of food, shelter and medicines. The global inclination toward herbal medicine has advanced the expansion of plant-based pharmaceutical industries to a vast extent. The production of traditional medicine at global market has been estimated to touch US $5 trillion by 2050. Some of the useful plant-based drugs include vinblastine, vincristine, taxol, podophyllotoxin, camptothecin, digoxigenin, morphine, codeine, aspirin, atropine, capscicine, allicin, curcumin, artemesinin and ephedrine. Genus Sapindus is an important economical and medicinal trees, distributed over the world. Soap nuts contain higher amount of saponin, a natural detergent which can be used to clean clothes and hairs. Sapindus species possesses various pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-trichomonas activity. Extracts of this plant are rich in various phytochemicals and polyphenolic compounds. All the pharmacological properties are due to presence of saponins. Biotechnological techniques can improve the saponin content; thus this chemical content can be produced at large scale and can be used as phytomedicine. We hope that this book would be of great use to under graduates, postgraduates, scientists, researchers and faculty members who are studying, teaching or working in the field of Biotechnology, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology. The techniques explained in this book could be of immense use for the researchers working in this area. We shall deeply appreciate receiving any critical comments and suggestions from the readers from the different parts of globe which would help us improve the first edition of this publication.

Plant breeding. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Biology—Technique. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Trees. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Biological Techniques. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Tree Biology. --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Plants --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Ontogeny --- Structure --- Biotecnologia vegetal --- Biotecnologia dels conreus --- Biotecnologia de les plantes --- Biotecnologia agrícola --- Enginyeria genètica vegetal --- Obtencions vegetals (Dret)

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In this book, researchers and practitioners working in the field present the major promises of algae biotechnology and they critically discuss the challenges arising from applications. Based on this assessment, the authors explore the great scientific, industrial and economic potential opened up by algae biotechnology. The first part of the book presents recent developments in key enabling technologies, which are the driving force to unleash the enormous potential of algae biotechnology. The second part of the book focuses on how practical applications of algae biotechnology may provide new solutions to some of the grand challenges of the 21st century. Algae offer great potential to support the building of a bio-based economy and they can contribute new solutions to some of the grand challenges of the 21st century. Despite significant progress, algae biotechnology is yet far from fulfilling its potential. How to unleash this enormous potential is the challenge that the own field is facing. New cultivation technologies and bioprocess engineering allow for optimization of the operation strategy of state-of the art industrial-scale production systems and they reduce the production costs. Parallel to this, new molecular technologies for genetic and metabolic engineering of (micro)algae develop quickly. The optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components makes high-yield production of specific metabolites possible. Novel screening technologies including high-throughput technologies enables testing of extremely large numbers of samples and, thus, allow for large scale modelling of biomolecular processes, which would have not been possible in the past. Moreover, profitable production can demand for integrated biorefining, which combines consecutive processes and various feedstocks to produce both transportation fuel, electric energy and valuable chemicals.

Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Eukaryotic Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Genetics --- Microbiology --- Algae --- Algae products. --- Biotechnology. --- Algal products --- Plant products --- Algues --- Biotecnologia vegetal --- Biotecnologia dels conreus --- Biotecnologia de les plantes --- Biotecnologia agrícola --- Enginyeria genètica vegetal --- Obtencions vegetals (Dret) --- Criptògames --- Fitoplàncton --- Algues d'aigua dolça --- Algues fòssils --- Algues marines --- Algues tòxiques --- Caròfits --- Cianobacteris --- Cloròfits --- Crisòfits --- Cromòfits --- Diatomees --- Dinoflagel·lades --- Euglenòfits --- Feofícies --- Microalgues --- Primnesiòfits --- Rodòfits --- Ficologia

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This book describes the development of genetic resources in amaranths, with a major focus on genomics, reverse, and forward genetics tools and strategies that have been developed for crop improvement. Amaranth is an ancient crop native to the New World. Interest in amaranths is being renewed, due to their adaptability, stress tolerance, and nutritional value. There are about 65 species in the genus, including Amaranthus caudatus L., A. cruentus L., and A. hypochondriacus L., which are primarily grown as protein-rich grains or pseudocereals. The genus also includes major noxious weeds (e.g., A. palmeri). The amaranths are within the Caryophyllales order and thus many species (e.g., A. tricolor) produce red (betacyanin) or yellow (betaxanthin) betalain pigments, which are chemically distinct from the anthocyanins responsible for red pigmentation in other plants. A. hypochondriacus, which shows disomic inheritance (2n = 32; n= 466 Mb), has been sequenced and annotated with 23,059 protein-coding genes. Additional members of the genus are now also been sequenced including weedy amaranths, other grain amaranths, and their putative progenitors.

Plant science. --- Botany. --- Genetics. --- Biotechnology. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Sciences. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Botanical science --- Floristic botany --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Genòmica --- Biotecnologia vegetal --- Biotecnologia dels conreus --- Biotecnologia de les plantes --- Biotecnologia agrícola --- Enginyeria genètica vegetal --- Obtencions vegetals (Dret) --- Genètica molecular --- Metagenòmica --- Nutrigenòmica --- Genomes --- Amarant --- Amaranthus --- Blet --- Marxant --- Velluter

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Bamboo. --- Bamboos --- Bambusaceae --- Bambusoideae --- Grasses --- Bamboo --- Bambú --- Biotecnologia vegetal --- Millorament selectiu de plantes --- Millora de plantes --- Millorament de conreus --- Millorament genètic de conreus --- Millorament genètic de les plantes --- Millorament genètic de plantes conreades --- Millorament vegetal --- Selecció artificial de les plantes --- Agricultura --- Millora de les espècies --- Hibridació vegetal --- Immunitat de les plantes --- Genètica vegetal --- Plantes transgèniques --- Biotecnologia dels conreus --- Biotecnologia de les plantes --- Biotecnologia agrícola --- Enginyeria genètica vegetal --- Obtencions vegetals (Dret) --- Bambús --- Canya americana --- Gramínies