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Transport. Traffic --- Fuels --- Biomass energy - Environmental aspects --- Biomass energy - OECD countries --- Biomass energy

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Biofuels received USD 15 billion in subsidies in OECD Member countries in 2007, but did they deliver benefits in terms of climate change or oil security? Present policies make no link between support for biofuels and their environmental performance, and biofuels do not all perform equally well. In fact, much of the current ethanol and biodiesel production may result in higher overall emissions of greenhouse gases than using conventional transport fuels - gasoline and diesel. The papers published in this report examine the economics of biofuels and assess the potential of conventional biofuel production in OECD countries, Brazilian ethanol exports and some second generation biofuels to supply world markets with transport fuels. This Round Table analyses the critical issues for governments in determining support for biofuels, particularly the level of greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life-cycle of these fuels and the wider environmental impacts of farming biomass. It also reviews recent progress in developing certification systems for biofuels – an essential  tool for tying support  to achievement in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although certification cannot be expected to prevent rainforest destruction for the  development of  biofuel crop plantations. The report concludes with a short list of recommendations for policy reform if support for biofuels is to contribute effectively to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

Biomass energy. --- Greenhouse gases. --- Biomass energy --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical Engineering --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental aspects. --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Biomass energy - Environmental aspects --- Biomass energy - OECD countries --- Biomass as fuel --- Renewable fuels --- Renewable energy sources

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The growing awareness of environmental problems provided the stimulus for this 4th International Symposium on Biotechnology, Interbiotech '90, to address many aspects of the relationship between biotechnology and the environment. The papers are mainly devoted to the contribution of biotechnology in solving environmental problems, including biological waste water treatment, utilization of municipal sewage sludge, detoxification of polluted soil and complex utilization of lignocellulosic wastes. There is examination of possible dangers in such cases as the release of r-DNA organisms into the en

Bioremediation --- Microbial biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Biomass energy --- Congresses. --- Environmental aspects --- Basic Sciences. Microbiology --- Industrial Microbiology --- Industrial Microbiology. --- Congresses --- Environmental biotechnology - Congresses. --- Microbial biotechnology - Congresses. --- Biotechnology - Environmental aspects - Congresses. --- Biomass energy - Environmental aspects - Congresses. --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Microorganisms --- Industrial microbiology --- Biotechnological microorganisms --- Bioremediation - Congresses. --- Biomass as fuel --- Renewable fuels --- Renewable energy sources

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These are the proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture held in June 2003. The Workshop covered two broad themes: the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability; and the policy approaches for developing agricultural biomass. The book proposes a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bio energy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped that this will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development.

Agriculture and energy. --- Biomass energy -- Environmental aspects. --- Biomass energy. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Agriculture and energy --- Biomass energy --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Environmental aspects --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Energy and agriculture --- Energy in agriculture --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Power resources --- Renewable energy sources --- Environmental aspects. --- Biomass as fuel --- Renewable fuels

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The increasing global demand for energy requires a versatile approach, prompting many researchers to focus on renewable bioenergy from different biomasses, especially cellulosic biomass. Such biomasses can be agricultural wastes, municipal wastes or direct harvests from high-yield energy corps. If properly pre-treated, the subsequent enzyme hydrolysis step is much more effective and can effectively minimises the waste disposal. Green Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuels Production reviews a range of pretreatment methods such as ammonium fiber explosion, steam explosion, dilute acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, and supercritical carbon dioxide explosion focusing on their final sugar yields from hemicellulose, glucose yields from cellulose, as well as on their feasibilities in bioenergy production processes at various scales. This book emphasises the tactical mobile and on-farm scales applications that use green pretreatments and processing technologies without the need of on-site waste treatment. Because of the varieties of different biomasses, no single pretreatment is expected to be the universal choice. Some of the pretreatment methods present niche applications are also discussed.

Biomass energy -- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental chemistry -- Industrial applications. --- Renewable energy sources -- Environmental aspects. --- Waste products as fuel -- Environmental aspects. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical Engineering --- Biotechnology. --- Biomass energy. --- Biomass. --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Chemistry. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Chemical engineering. --- Physics. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Alternate energy sources. --- Green energy industries. --- Materials science. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Applied and Technical Physics. --- Mass (Physics) --- Biology --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Material science --- Green chemistry.