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This volume contains 71 revised refereed papers, including seven invited surveys, presented during the Third European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL '95, held in Granada, Spain in June 1995. Originally AL was concerned with applying biologically inspired solutions to technology and with examining computational expertise in order to reproduce and understand life processes. Despite its short history, AL now is becoming a mature scientific field. The volume reports the state of the art in this exciting area of research; there are sections on foundations and epistemology, origins of life and evolution, adaptive and cognitive systems, artificial worlds, robotics and emulation of animal behavior, societies and collective behavior, biocomputing, and applications and common tools.

Biological systems --- Artificial intelligence --- Robotics --- Computer simulation --- Congresses. --- Simulation methods --- Congresses --- Artificial intelligence. --- Anthropology. --- Life sciences. --- Biology --- Statistics. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Data processing. --- Human beings --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Biological systems - Computer simulation - Congresses. --- Biological systems - Simulation methods - Congresses. --- Artificial intelligence - Congresses. --- Robotics - Congresses.

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No matter what your perspective is, what your goals are, or how experienced you are, Artificial Life research is always a learning experience. The variety of phe­ nomena that the people who gathered in Lausanne reported and discussed for the fifth time since 1991 at the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) has not been programmed, crafted, or assembled by analytic design. It has evolved, emerged, or appeared spontaneously from a process of artificial evolution, se- organisation, or development. Artificial Life is a field where biological and artificial sciences meet and blend together, where the dynamics of biological life are reproduced in the memory of computers, where machines evolve, behave, and communicate like living organ­ isms, where complex life-like entities are synthesised from electronic chromo­ somes and artificial chemistries. The impact of Artificial Life in science, phi­ losophy, and technology is tremendous. Over the years the synthetic approach has established itself as a powerful method for investigating several complex phenomena of life. From a philosophical standpoint, the notion of life and of in­ telligence is continuously reformulated in relation to the dynamics of the system under observation and to the embedding environment, no longer a privilege of carbon-based entities with brains and eyes. At the same time, the possibility of engineering machines and software with life-like properties such as evolvability, self-repair, and self-maintainance is gradually becoming reality, bringing new perspectives in engineering and applications.

Biological systems --- Robotics --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer simulation --- Simulation methods --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational biology. --- Robotics. --- Automation. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Robotics and Automation. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Biology --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Data processing. --- Bioinformatics . --- Computational biology . --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Automatic factories --- Automatic production --- Computer control --- Engineering cybernetics --- Factories --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanization --- Assembly-line methods --- Automatic control --- Automatic machinery --- CAD/CAM systems --- Automation --- Data processing --- Biological systems - Computer simulation - Congresses --- Biological systems - Simulation methods - Congresses --- Robotics - Congresses --- Artificial intelligence - Congresses