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Échantillonnage --- Métal --- Oligo-élement --- Trace elements --- Analysis --- Basic Sciences. Chemistry --- Analysis. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Sampling --- Metals --- environment --- Analytical methods --- Eléments traces. Analyse. --- Sporenelementen. Analyse. --- Trace elements - Analysis --- PLANTS --- LABORATORY MANUALS --- ANALYSIS --- SOILS --- AIR --- WATER --- CLINICAL MEDICINE --- FOOD --- ANIMALS --- SAMPLES --- ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY --- DECOMPOSITION --- Biological samples

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This book provides readers with some examples of advanced applications of electron microscopy on organic and inorganic specimens, highlighting out how new original approaches could provide a deeper understanding of the properties of matter and how a transmission electron microscope is not only a microscope but also a flexible tool for tailoring experiments, properly suited, to the issue of interest.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) --- electron tomography (ET) --- sparse imaging --- inpainting reconstruction --- biological samples --- Trypanosoma brucei --- TEM --- in-line holography --- single particle imaging --- atomic resolution imaging --- radiation damage --- soft matter --- nanostructured drugs --- organic materials --- holography --- electron holography --- diffraction --- coherent diffraction imaging --- iterative phase retrieval --- biomolecules --- propionic acid --- autophagy --- mitophagy --- correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) --- amorphous silica --- powder diffraction --- transmission electron microscopy --- high-resolution --- spectroscopy --- electron diffraction --- electron pair distribution function --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetic hyperthermia --- EMCD --- EELS --- magnetism --- acceleration voltage --- n/a

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Sample preparation is and will always be the most important step in chemical analysis. Numerous techniques, methods, methodologies, and approaches are published in the literature offering a wide range of analytical tools to the lab practitioner. Analytical scientists all over the world are trying to develop protocols for a plethora of analytes in various sample matrices. In the last decade, sample pre-treatment advances have followed green chemistry and green analytical chemistry demands, focusing on miniaturization and automation, using the least possible amount of organic solvents. The question is how far we have been till now, and what the future perspectives are. To answer this question, analytical chemists were invited to share their experience in the field and report on the recent advances in sample-preparation approaches. The outcome of our invitation was eleven excellent manuscripts, including four review articles and seven original research articles in the first edition of the Special Issue “Sample Preparation-Quo Vadis: Current Status of Sample Preparation Approaches”.The second edition is a collection of ten significant contributions to the field of sample preparation. It includes two highly interesting and comprehensive review articles and eight innovative research articles.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- sample preparation --- matrix solid-phase dispersion --- salting-out --- homogenous liquid-liquid extraction --- bisphenol --- bee pollen --- tricyclic antidepressants --- urine samples --- bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) --- novel sorbent phases --- biomaterials waste --- flotation sampling technology --- GC-MS --- amino acids --- chocolate --- derivatization --- HPLC --- fluorescence --- automation --- flow injection --- inductively coupled plasma --- sol-gel --- solid-phase extraction --- metals --- molecular imprinted polymer --- interaction mechanism --- template-monomer interaction --- MIP-template interaction --- microwave-assisted extraction --- tocopherols --- phenolics --- flavonoids --- authenticity --- HPLC-UV --- bismuth oxide --- API particle size --- API morphology --- film-coated tablets --- Raman spectroscopy --- ImageJ --- tablet disintegration --- green extraction techniques --- microextraction techniques --- biological samples --- food samples --- environmental samples --- carbaryl --- cassia bark (Senna siamea Lam.) --- smartphone-based digital image analysis --- 1-naphthol --- peroxidase enzyme --- raman spectroscopy --- carriers --- sample holders --- gold layer --- cuvette --- ethanol --- urine --- volatile compounds --- biological fluids --- n/a

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Pharmaceuticals, due to their pseudo-persistence and biological activity as well as their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine, are a class of environmental contaminants that is of emerging concern. In contrast to some conventional pollutants, they are continuously delivered at low levels, which might give rise to toxicity even without high persistence rates. These chemicals are designed to have a specific physiological mode of action and to resist frequently inactivation before exerting their intended therapeutic effect. These features, among others, result in the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals which are responsible for toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It is extremely important to know how to remove them from the environment and/or how to implement procedures or treatments resulting in their biological inactivation. Although great advances have been made in their detection in aquatic matrices, there remains limited analytical methodologies available for the trace analysis of target and non-target pharmaceuticals in matrices such as soils, sediments, or biota. There are still many gaps in the data on their fate and behavior in the environment as well as on their threats to ecological and human health. This book has included nine current research and three review articles in this field.

ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods

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Pharmaceuticals, due to their pseudo-persistence and biological activity as well as their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine, are a class of environmental contaminants that is of emerging concern. In contrast to some conventional pollutants, they are continuously delivered at low levels, which might give rise to toxicity even without high persistence rates. These chemicals are designed to have a specific physiological mode of action and to resist frequently inactivation before exerting their intended therapeutic effect. These features, among others, result in the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals which are responsible for toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It is extremely important to know how to remove them from the environment and/or how to implement procedures or treatments resulting in their biological inactivation. Although great advances have been made in their detection in aquatic matrices, there remains limited analytical methodologies available for the trace analysis of target and non-target pharmaceuticals in matrices such as soils, sediments, or biota. There are still many gaps in the data on their fate and behavior in the environment as well as on their threats to ecological and human health. This book has included nine current research and three review articles in this field.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods --- ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods