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La protection de l'environnement devient un marché particulièrement juteux. On connaît déjà le business du développement durable et de la croissance verte. Un pas supplémentaire est toutefois en passe d'être franchi : désormais, les terres, les forêts, les animaux et les végétaux sont transformés en produits bancaires et financiers. De fait, selon le vieil adage " tout ce qui est rare est cher ", les espèces vivantes en voie de disparition, les terres et les écosystèmes menacés prennent de la valeur. La nature devient alors un capital sur lequel il est possible de spéculer. Cette enquête raconte l'histoire de la mainmise économique et bancaire sur les ressources vivantes à l'échelle planétaire, une véritable entreprise de prédation. Elle révèle que des banques et des fonds d'investissement achètent aujourd'hui d'immenses zones naturelles riches en espèces animales et végétales en danger, partout dans le monde, pour les échanger sur des marchés. Elle dévoile également le rôle crucial des lobbies, qui s'activent auprès des institutions européennes et internationales pour favoriser le développement de cette branche financière du green business. Sandrine Feydel et Christophe Bonneuil nous conduisent en Ouganda, au Brésil, en Amazonie, aux États-Unis et en Malaisie, où des bio-banques " protègent " désormais des écosystèmes en danger. Ils décrivent les dangers auxquels se trouvent alors exposés les populations locales et leur environnement naturel. Ils montrent enfin que ce sont souvent les entreprises les plus destructrices de l'environnement, comme les industries minières et pétrolières, qui s'intéressent à ces marchés, et que les institutions financières responsables de la crise des subprimes en 2008 n'en ont décidément tiré aucune leçon et nous préparent un " krach vert "...
Environmental economics --- Speculation --- Economie de l'environnement --- Spéculation --- Biodiversity --- Ecology --- Economic aspects --- Environnement --- Eco-industries --- Protection --- Pratiques déloyales --- Spéculation --- Éco-industries --- Protection. --- Pratiques déloyales. --- Pratiques déloyales. --- Biodiversity - Economic aspects --- Ecology - Economic aspects
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The importance of biodiversity valuation is widely understood in academia and is increasingly used in policy making and other fora. For example, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), through the Conference of the Parties (COP), recognises that "economic valuation of biodiversity and biological resources is an important tool for well-targeted and calibrated economic incentive measures". Further, it encourages the Parties to "take into account economic, social, cultural and ethical valuation in the development of relevant incentive measures" (CBD COP Decision IV/10). Biodiversity valuation should be an integral part of environmental economic policy, providing information to policy makers in their quest to identify priorities and equate trade-offs. As part of its effort to support governments in using valuation methods to assess the value of biological diversity, the OECD commissioned this series of case studies. They cover the state of the art on economic valuation and on the interface between economic and ecological valuation.
Biodiversity -- Economic aspects -- Congresses Biodiversity conservation -- Economic aspects -- Congresses. --- Biodiversity -- Economic aspects -- Congresses. --- Biodiversity conservation -- Economic aspects -- Congresses. --- Biodiversity --- Biodiversity conservation --- Economic aspects --- Biological diversity conservation --- Conservation of biodiversity --- Diversity conservation, Biological --- Gender mainstreaming in biodiversity conservation --- Maintenance of biological diversity --- Preservation of biological diversity --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Conservation --- Conservation of natural resources --- Ecosystem management --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species
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La biodiversité est omniprésente dans les arènes nationales et internationales. Affranchie d'une approche exclusivement écologique, elle est devenue un enjeu d'action publique. C'est à cette mise en politique de la biodiversité que s'intéresse cet ouvrage pluridisciplinaire, en reliant des champs scientifiques éclatés et en traitant d'aspects négligés tels que les effets d'échelle, l'impact politique des catégories scientifiques mobilisées par les acteurs et l'instrumentalisation par les États des normes internationales. Ce panorama inédit laisse entrevoir, malgré l'urgence affi rmée par les scientifi ques et l'enjeu social incontournable qu'elles représentent, un avenir incertain pour les politiques de biodiversité.
Biodiversity --- Biodiversity conservation --- Sustainable development --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Biodiversity conservation. --- Sustainable development. --- Government policy. --- Economic aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Biodiversité --- Conservation des ressources --- Politique publique --- Coopération internationale --- Politique de l'environnement --- Politique de l'environnement. --- Biodiversity - Government policy --- Biodiversity - Economic aspects --- Biodiversity - Social aspects
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General ecology and biosociology --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Ecology --- Ecosystem services --- Biodiversity --- Environmental economics --- Economic aspects --- #SBIB:35H434 --- #SBIB:33H14 --- #SBIB:327.7H42 --- Ecosystem services. --- Environmental economics. --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Services, Ecosystem --- Ecological economics --- Beleidssectoren: milieubeleid en ruimtelijke ordening --- Macro-economische analyse --- Specifieke internationale organisaties en samenwerking: milieu --- Economic aspects. --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Nature Management --- Biodiversity. --- Ecology - Economic aspects --- Biodiversity - Economic aspects
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In recent years, there has been a marked proliferation in the literature on economic approaches to ecosystem management, which has created a subsequent need for real understanding of the scope and the limits of the economic approaches to ecosystems and biodiversity. Within this Handbook, carefully commissioned original contributions from acknowledged experts in the field address the new concepts and their applications, identify knowledge gaps and provide authoritative recommendations. The Handbook offers a wealth of case studies and further: identifies the conceptual underpinnings of the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity, demonstrates new research methodologies and their applications, provides authoritative assessment of the recent results and findings in ecosystems services and biodiversity valuation and accounting, provides the reader with the state of the art of the research on the economics of ecosystem services and biodiversity, provides spatial explicit tools for mapping ecosystem services values for land-use planning, including in the context of business and industry. This authoritative assessment will appeal to researchers and academics at both the advanced undergraduate and post-graduate levels of environmental economics and ecological economics. Policy-makers in government, business and conservation sectors will find much to engage them as the work will prove essential for implementing effective response policies for the management of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Biodiversity conservation --- Biodiversity --- Ecosystem management --- Ecosystem services --- Economic aspects --- Ecosystem services. --- Ecosystem management. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Biotic communities --- Ecosystems management --- Applied ecology --- Environmental management --- Nature conservation --- Services, Ecosystem --- Ecology --- Economic aspects. --- Management --- Services des écosystèmes --- Ecosystèmes --- Biodiversité --- Gestion --- Aspect économique --- Conservation --- Biodiversity conservation - Economic aspects --- Biodiversity - Economic aspects
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Biodiversity --- Biodiversity conservation --- Germplasm resources --- Economic aspects --- Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) --- Economic aspects. --- Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). --- 631.526 --- -Biological diversity conservation --- -Germplasm resources --- -574.472 --- Gene resources --- Genetic resources --- Germ plasm resources --- Resources, Germplasm --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Groups and types of cultivated plants. Genetic resources --- 631.526 Groups and types of cultivated plants. Genetic resources --- 574.472 --- 581.6 --- 574.472 Biodiversity --- 581.6 Applied botany. Use of plants. Technobotany. Economic botany --- Applied botany. Use of plants. Technobotany. Economic botany --- Breeding --- Genetics --- Natural resources --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biological diversity conservation --- Biodiversité --- Conservation --- Aspect économique --- Biodiversity - Economic aspects --- Biodiversity conservation - Economic aspects --- Germplasm resources - Economic aspects --- BIODIVERSITY --- NATURAL RESOURCES --- NATURAL PRODUCTS --- MEDICINAL PLANTS --- PHARMACOLOGY --- CROPS --- SEED INDUSTRY --- HORTICULTURE --- PLANT PROTECTION --- BIOTECHNOLOGY --- COSMETICS --- INDUSTRY --- SUSTAINABILITY --- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION --- GENETIC RESOURCES --- UTILIZATION --- INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS --- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS --- REGULATIONS --- LEGISLATION --- DRUGS --- RESEARCH --- IMPROVEMENT --- CONSERVATION --- GENETIC ENGINEERING --- RECOMMENDATIONS
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