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The next great change in computer science and information technology will come from mimicking the techniques by which biological organisms process information. To do this computer scientists must draw on expertise in subjects not usually associated with their field, including organic chemistry, molecular biology, bioengineering, and smart materials. This book provides an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of molecular computing. The book moves from abstract principles of molecular computing to the building of actual systems. The topics include the use of proteins and other molecules for information-processing, molecular recognition, computation in nonlinear media, computers based on physical reaction-diffusion systems found in chemical media, DNA computing, bioelectronics and protein-based optical computing, and biosensors.

Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Molecular computers. --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/General --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation --- Molecular computers

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Robots are becoming more human, but could they also become sentient and have human-like consciousness?What is consciousness, exactly?It is a fact that our thoughts and consciousness are based on the neural activity of the brain. It is also a fact that we do not perceive our brain activity as it really is - patterns of neural firings. Instead, we perceive our sensations and thoughts apparently as they are. What kind of condition would transform the neural activity into this kind of internal appearance? This is the basic problem of consciousness.The author proposes an explanation that also provi

Conscious automata. --- Robotics. --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Artificial consciousness --- Electronic brains --- Intelligent machines --- Mechanical brains --- Synthetic consciousness --- Bionics --- Consciousness --- Cybernetics --- Biocomputers --- Perceptrons --- Conscious automata --- E-books

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The question whether molecular primitives can prove to be real alternatives to contemporary semiconductor means or effective supplements extending greatly possibilities of information technologies is addressed. Molecular primitives and circuitry for information processing devices are also discussed. Investigations in molecular based computing devices were initiated in the early 1970s in the hopes for an increase in the integration level and processing speed. Real progress proved unfeasible into the 1980´s. However, recently, important and promising results were achieved. The elaboration of operational 160-kilobit molecular electronic memory patterned 1011 bits per square centimeter in the end of 90´s were the first timid steps of information processing further development. Subsequent advances beyond these developments are presented and discussed. This work provides useful knowledge to anyone working in molecular based information processing.

Molecular computers. --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation --- Nanochemistry. --- Biomaterials. --- Computer science. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Processor Architectures. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Informatics --- Science --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Nanoscience --- Microprocessors. --- Minicomputers --- Analytical chemistry --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

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Molecular computers. --- DNA. --- Data compression (Computer science) --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Coding theory --- Database management --- File organization (Computer science) --- Data compression (Telecommunication) --- Compression of data (Computer science) --- Compression of files (Computer science) --- Compression of text (Computer science) --- File compression (Computer science) --- Text compression (Computer science) --- Deoxyribose --- Nucleic acids --- Genes --- Deoxyribonucleic acid --- Desoxyribonucleic acid --- Thymonucleic acid --- TNA (Nucleic acid)

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This textbook introduces a concise approach to the design of molecular algorithms for students or researchers who are interested in dealing with complex problems. Through numerous examples and exercises, you will understand the main difference of molecular circuits and traditional digital circuits to manipulate the same problem and you will also learn how to design a molecular algorithm of solving any a problem from start to finish. The book starts with an introduction to computational aspects of digital computers and molecular computing, data representation of molecular computing, molecular operations of molecular computing and number representation of molecular computing, and provides many molecular algorithm to construct the parity generator and the parity checker of error-detection codes on digital communication, to encode integers of different formats, single precision and double precision of floating-point numbers, to implement addition and subtraction of unsigned integers, to construct logic operations including NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND, Exclusive-OR (XOR) and Exclusive-NOR (XNOR), to implement comparators, shifters, increase, decrease, and to complete two specific operations that are to find the maximum number of “1” and to find the minimum number of “1”. The book is also a useful reference source to people new for the field of molecular computing.

Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Molecular computers --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation --- Artificial Intelligence.