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Tra il Cinque e il Seicento, Roberto Bellarmino (1542 - 1621) è stato uno dei teologi più celebri della Compagnia di Gesù e della Chiesa. Clemente VIII, durante il concistoro per i nuovi cardinali, ha fatto di lui un elogio quasi epigrafico: «Scegliamo colui che non ha eguali nella Chiesa di Dio quanto a dottrina, ed è nipote dell'eccellente e santissimo pontefice Marcello II». Bellarmino fu amato e detestato nell'intera Europa: amato per l'insegnamento teologico e per le Controversie, i trattati spirituali, il Catechismo e, soprattutto, per la passione con cui predicava. Ma fu anche detestato per essere divenuto il «martello» degli eretici, acuto studioso delle loro contraddizioni, contestatore del modo in cui essi veneravano dogmaticamente la Sacra Scrittura. Fu criticato non solo dai protestanti, ma anche da membri della Chiesa e perfino da alcuni confratelli. Implicato nel processo e nella condanna di Giordano Bruno, ebbe da Paolo V il compito di ammonire Galileo Galilei sul copernicanesimo. Non venne mai meno alla sua incalzante ricerca della verità, come impegno nell'insegnamento e come fedeltà sincera al Vangelo. Oggi lo definiremmo un intellettuale aperto ed equilibrato, capace di esercitare il proprio compito con spirito critico e autorevolezza, con rigore e fermezza, ma anche attento alle esigenze della Tradizione della Chiesa e della cultura contemporanea. Non furono agevoli le sue mansioni all'interno della Curia e nelle principali Congregazioni romane, in particolare quella della Penitenzieria apostolica, dell'Indice e del Sant'Uffizio. Tuttavia, Bellarmino fu un sincero servitore della Chiesa, che amò e a cui donò se stesso con instancabile tenacia, sempre sottoponendosi all'obbedienza, anche a quella più difficile: nel 1602 fu mandato «in esilio» a Capua, come arcivescovo. In due conclavi si fece il suo nome come candidato al soglio di Pietro, ma la cosa non ebbe seguito, perché «gesuita». Quando si sparse la notizia della sua morte era già venerato come santo. Paradossalmente, le doti umane e spirituali, nonché la dedizione nei servizi a lui affidati, gli procurarono anche degli avversari, che uscirono allo scoperto dopo la morte e bloccarono sul nascere il processo di beatificazione. Bellarmino, ritenuto «santo» in vita, fu canonizzato tre secoli dopo, nel 1930, e proclamato, l'anno successivo, «Dottore della Chiesa».

#GBIB: jesuitica --- 235.3 ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS --- 235.3 ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS Hagiografie--ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS --- 235.3 ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS Hagiographie--ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS --- Hagiografie--ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS --- Hagiographie--ROBERTUS BELLARMINUS --- Bellarmino, Roberto --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo --- Bellarmino, Roberto $c S.J., card. --- Bellarminus, Robertus --- Bellarmin, Robertus --- Bellarmin, Robert --- Berllarmino, Roberto --- Matthaeus Tortus --- Tortus, Matthaeus --- Robertus Bellarminus card.

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Counter-Reformation --- 2 BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- #GBIB: jesuitica --- Godsdienst. Theologie--BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- 2 BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS Godsdienst. Theologie--BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo --- Bellarminus, Robertus --- Bellarmin, Robert --- Berllarmino, Roberto --- Matthaeus Tortus --- Tortus, Matthaeus --- Bellarmino, Roberto --- Bellarmino, Roberto $c S.J., card. --- Bellarmin, Robertus --- Counter-Reformation - Italy --- Robertus Bellarminus card. --- Robert Bellarmin (saint ; 1542-1621) --- Contre-Réforme --- Biographie --- Critique et interprétation --- Aspect politique

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2 BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- Predestination --- #GOSA:II.P.AU.4 --- #GOSA:II.Mod.M --- Foreordination --- Free will and determinism --- Godsdienst. Theologie--BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- Religious aspects --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo Saint --- Catholic Church --- -Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Doctrines --- -History --- -Doctrines --- 2 BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS Godsdienst. Theologie--BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo --- Bellarminus, Robertus --- Bellarmin, Robert --- Berllarmino, Roberto --- Matthaeus Tortus --- Tortus, Matthaeus --- History. --- Bellarmino, Roberto --- Bellarmine, Robert --- Theology --- History of doctrines --- 16th century --- Bellarmino, Roberto $c S.J., card. --- Bellarmin, Robertus --- Church of Rome

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Robert Bellarmine was one of the pillars of post-Reformation Catholicism: he was a celebrated theologian and a highly ranked member of the Congregations of the Inquisition and of the Index, the censor in charge of the Galileo affair. Bellarmine was also one of the most original political theorists of his time, and he participated directly in many of the political conflicts that agitated Europe between the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century. Stefania Tutino offers the first full-length study of the impact of Bellarmine's theory of the potestas indirecta in early modern Europe. Following the reactions to Bellarmine's theory across national and confessional boundaries, this book explores some of the most crucial political and theological knots in the history of post-Reformation Europe, from the controversy over the Oath of Allegiance to the battle over the Interdetto in Venice. The book sets those political and religious controversies against the background of the theological and institutional developments of the post-Tridentine Catholic Church. By examining the violent and at times surprising controversies originated by Bellarmine's theory, this book challenges some of the traditional assumptions regarding the theological shape of post-Tridentine Catholicism; it offers a fresh perspective on the centrality of the links between confessional affiliation and political allegiance in the development of the modern nation-states; and it contributes to our understanding of the development of 'modern' notions of power and authority.

Popes --- Christianity and politics --- Counter-Reformation --- Temporal power --- History of doctrines --- History --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, --- Europe --- Kings and rulers --- Deposition --- Counter-Reformation. --- History of doctrines. --- History. --- Deposition. --- -Christianity and politics --- -Counter-Reformation. --- 2 BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- 262.13 "15/16" --- Anti-Reformation --- Church history --- Church renewal --- Reformation --- Christianity --- Church and politics --- Politics and Christianity --- Politics and the church --- Political science --- Holy See --- See, Holy --- Papacy --- -History of doctrines. --- Godsdienst. Theologie--BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--?"15/16" --- Political aspects --- Bellarmino, Roberto --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- -Deposition. --- 262.13 "15/16" Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--?"15/16" --- 2 BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS Godsdienst. Theologie--BELLARMINUS, ROBERTUS --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo --- Bellarminus, Robertus --- Bellarmin, Robert --- Berllarmino, Roberto --- Matthaeus Tortus --- Tortus, Matthaeus --- Temporal power&delete& --- Bellarmino, Roberto $c S.J., card. --- Bellarmin, Robertus --- Popes - Temporal power - History of doctrines --- Christianity and politics - Europe - History --- Robertus Bellarminus card. --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, - Saint, - 1542-1621 --- Europe - Kings and rulers - Deposition --- Robert Bellarmin (saint ; 1542-1621) --- Papes --- Contre-Réforme --- Christianisme et politique --- Pouvoir temporel --- Histoire des doctrines --- Histoire

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Astronomy, Renaissance --- Inquisition --- Religion and science --- Astronomie de la Renaissance --- Religion et sciences --- History --- Histoire --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, --- Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, --- Galilei, Galileo, --- Catholic Church --- Eglise catholique --- Doctrines --- Astronomy, Renaissance. --- -Religion and science --- -Christianity and science --- Geology --- Geology and religion --- Science --- Science and religion --- Holy Office --- Autos-da-fé --- Renaissance astronomy --- -Religious aspects --- Religious aspects --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo Saint --- Foscarini, Paolo Antonio --- Galilei, Galileo --- -Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- -History --- -Astronomy, Renaissance. --- -Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo Saint --- -Doctrines --- -Astronomy, Renaissance --- -Renaissance astronomy --- Christianity and science --- Galileo Galilei --- Galilée --- Foscarinus, Paulus Antonius, --- Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo --- Bellarminus, Robertus --- Bellarmin, Robert --- Berllarmino, Roberto --- Matthaeus Tortus --- Tortus, Matthaeus --- Bellarmino, Roberto --- Bellarmino, Roberto $c S.J., card. --- Bellarmin, Robertus --- Church of Rome --- Religion and science - History - 17th century. --- Inquisition - Italy. --- ROBERT BELLARMIN (SAINT), 1542-1621 --- GALILEE (GALILEO GALILEI, DIT), PHYSICIEN ET ASTRONOME ITALIEN, 1564-1642 --- BIBLE --- VIE INTELLECTUELLE --- PHILOSOPHIE --- CRITIQUE, INTERPRETATION, ETC. --- OEUVRES --- EDITION CRITIQUE