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Gabriel --- Canon law --- -Law, Medieval --- Nestorian Church --- -Medieval law --- Public law (Canon law) --- Law --- Ecclesiastical law --- Rescripts, Papal --- Eastern churches --- Government --- Catholic Church --- Gabriel Metropolitan of Basra --- Law, Medieval. --- Kerkelijke rechtspraak. --- Nestorianen. --- Syrische handschriften. --- Kanon (Kirchenrecht) --- Nestorianismus. --- Nomokanon. --- Quellenkritik. --- Sammlung. --- Eastern churches. --- Gabriel, --- Gabriel (von Baṣrā) --- Church of the East --- Government. --- -Eastern churches --- Kanon (Kirchenrecht). --- Gabriel (von Baṣrā). --- Law, Medieval --- Medieval law --- Canon law, Eastern --- Old East Syrian Church --- Assyrian Church of the East --- Chaldean Catholic Church --- Gabriel - Metropolitan of Basra

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Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ --- Imamate --- Ikhwan al-Safa' --- Imamate. --- Islam --- Shīʻah --- Doctrines --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ. --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ, Basra --- Ichwán es-Safâ --- Ikhvān al-Ṣafā --- Aḥim ha-neʼemanim --- Ihwān al-Safaʼ --- Frères de la Pureté --- Frères de la Sincérité --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā, wa-Khillān al-Wafā, wa-Ahl al-ʻAdl, wa-Abnāʼ al-Ḥamd --- Exvān al-Ṣafā --- Pure Brethren of Basra --- إخوان الصفا --- إخوان الصفاء، البصرة --- اخوان الصفاء --- اخوان صفا --- Brethren of Purity --- Ikhvan as-safa

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"In tenth-century Iraq, a group of Arab intellectuals and scholars known as the Ikhwan al-Safa began to make their intellectual mark on the society around them. A mysterious organisation, the identities of its members have never been clear. But its contribution to the intellectual thought, philosophy, art and culture of the era - and indeed subsequent ones - is evident. In the visual arts, for example, Hamdouni Alami argues that the theory of human proportions which the Ikwan al-Safa propounded (something very similar to those of da Vinci), helped shape the evolution of the philosophy of aesthetics, art and architecture in the tenth and eleventh centuries CE, in particular in Egypt under the Fatimid rulers. With its roots in Pythagorean and Neoplatonic views on the role of art and architecture, the impact of this theory of specific and precise proportion was widespread. One of the results of this extensive influence is a historic shift in the appreciation of art and architecture and their perceived role in the cultural sphere. The development of the understanding of the interplay between ethics and aesthetics resulted in a movement which emphasised more abstract and pious contemplation of art, as opposed to previous views which concentrated on the enjoyment of artistic works (such as music, song and poetry). And it is with this shift that we see the change in art forms from those devoted to supporting the Umayyad caliphs and the opulence of the Abbasids, to an art which places more emphasis on the internal concepts of 'reason' and 'spirituality'.Using the example of Fatimid art and views of architecture (including the first Fatimid mosque in al-Mahdiyya, Tunisia), Hamdouni Alami offers analysis of the debates surrounding the ethics and aesthetics of the appreciation of Islamic art and architecture from a vital time in medieval Middle Eastern history, and shows their similarity with aesthetic debates of Italian Renaissance."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Islamic art. --- Islamic architecture. --- Arab architecture --- Architecture, Arab --- Architecture, Islamic --- Architecture, Moorish --- Architecture, Muslim --- Architecture, Saracenic --- Moorish architecture --- Muslim architecture --- Saracenic architecture --- Religious architecture --- Art, Islamic --- Art, Saracenic --- Muslim art --- Saracenic art --- Art --- Islamic civilization. --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā' --- History. --- Islamic countries --- Intellectual life. --- Civilization, Islamic --- Muslim civilization --- Civilization --- Civilization, Arab --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ, Basra --- Ichwán es-Safâ --- Ikhvān al-Ṣafā --- Aḥim ha-neʼemanim --- Ihwān al-Safaʼ --- Frères de la Pureté --- Frères de la Sincérité --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā, wa-Khillān al-Wafā, wa-Ahl al-ʻAdl, wa-Abnāʼ al-Ḥamd --- Exvān al-Ṣafā --- Pure Brethren of Basra --- إخوان الصفا --- إخوان الصفاء، البصرة --- اخوان الصفاء --- اخوان صفا --- Brethren of Purity --- Ikhvan as-safa --- Muslim countries

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Alchemy --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ --- Jābir ibn Ḥayyān --- -Metals, Transmutation of --- Philosophers' egg --- Philosophers' stone --- Stone, Philosophers' --- Transmutation of metals --- Chemistry --- Occultism --- Jabir ibn Hayyan. --- ʻAbd Allah al-Kūfī --- Ǧābir, Ḥayyān ibn --- Geber, --- Ḥayyān ibn Ǧābir --- Ibn Ḥayyān, Jābir --- Jābir ibn Ḥaiyān --- Jābir ibn Ḥaiyān al-Ṭarasūsī --- Jābir ibn Ḥayyān al-Ṭarasūsī --- Kūfī, ʻAbd Allah --- Ṭarasūsī, Jābir ibn Ḥayyān --- جابر بن حيان --- El Gebir --- Jaffir el Gebir --- Gebir, Jaffir --- Abu Mussa Jaffir el Sofi Gebir --- Gebir, Abu Mussa Jaffir el Sofi --- Jābir ibn Hayyān. --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā. --- -Jabir ibn Hayyan. --- Metals, Transmutation of --- Jābir ibn Hayyān. --- Geber --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā. --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ, Basra --- Ichwán es-Safâ --- Ikhvān al-Ṣafā --- Aḥim ha-neʼemanim --- Ihwān al-Safaʼ --- Frères de la Pureté --- Frères de la Sincérité --- Ikhwān al-Ṣafā, wa-Khillān al-Wafā, wa-Ahl al-ʻAdl, wa-Abnāʼ al-Ḥamd --- Exvān al-Ṣafā --- Pure Brethren of Basra --- إخوان الصفا --- إخوان الصفاء، البصرة --- اخوان الصفاء --- اخوان صفا --- Brethren of Purity --- Ikhvan as-safa --- Jâbir ibn Hayyân. --- Alchemy - Arab countries. --- ALCHIMIE --- PAYS ISLAMIQUES

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The 9th-century essayist, theologian and encyclopaedist Amr b. Bahr al-Jahiz has long been acknowledged as a master of early Arabic prose writing. Many of his most engaging writings were clearly intended for a broad readership but were presented as letters to individuals. Despite the importance and quantity of these letters, surprisingly little academic notice has been paid to them. Now, Thomas Hefter takes a new approach in interpreting some of al-Jahiz's 'epistolary monographs'. By focussing on the varying ways in which he wrote to the addressee, Hefter shows how al-Jahiz hid his conversations on the page in order to guide (or manipulate) his actual readers and encourage them to engage with his complex materials. Key Features * Looks at letters from one of the most unique minds of the Abbasid era that cover sectarian and ethnic rivalries, ethical questions, intoxicating beverages and daily life *Relates al-Jahiz's experiments with the letter frame to his views on occupations, human geography and other issues of his day *Examines the role of self-parody in al-Jahiz's fictional conversations with his addressees *Explores the rich interplay of contending voices

Books and reading --- Arabic literature --- LITERARY CRITICISM --- Arabic literature. --- Books and reading. --- Intellectual life. --- Technique. --- History and criticism --- African. --- Jāḥiẓ, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- 750-1258. --- Islamic Empire --- Islamic Empire. --- Literary criticism --- Appraisal of books --- Books --- Choice of books --- Evaluation of literature --- Literature --- Reading, Choice of --- Reading and books --- Reading habits --- Reading public --- Reading --- Reading interests --- Reading promotion --- History and criticism. --- Appraisal --- Evaluation --- Jāḥiẓ, --- Abou Othman Amr ibn Bahr al-Djahiz de Basra, --- Abu Osman Amr ibn Bakhr alʹ-Basri alʹ-Dzhakhiz, --- Abū ʻUthmān ʻAmr bin Baḥr al-Fuqaymī al-Baḥrī, --- Abū ʻUthman ʻAmr ibn Baḥr al-Jāḥiẓ, --- Cāḥiẓ, Ebū ʻOs̲mān ʻAmr bin Baḥr, --- Djâh̲iz̲, --- Dzhakhiz, --- Ebu Osman Amr bin Bahr bin Mahbub bin Fezâre, --- Ǧāḥiẓ, --- Jahidh, Amr ibn Bahr, --- Jāḥiẓ, Abū ʻUthman ibn Baḥr, --- Jāḥiẓ, ʻAmr ibn Baḥr, --- Ŷāḥiẓ, --- أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الجاحظ --- الجاحظ --- الجاحظ ، عمرو بن بحر --- الجاحظ، --- الجاهظ --- جاحظ --- جاحظ، --- جاحظ، عمرو بن بحر --- جاهظ --- حاحظ --- عثمان عمر و بن بحر --- عمرو بن بحر الجاحظ --- غازي