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The financial crisis struck with full force in the autumn of 2008. Very soon after the start of the crisis, culprits were sought. An important recurring argument was that liberalization of trade in banking services, as pursued at the European (within the EU) and international level (in the WTO), had seriously reduced the possibilities for governments to regulate and supervise the banking sector. This book examines the validity of this claim and considers how EU law and WTO law deal with the trade-off any policy-maker must make between stability and efficiency in the market for banking services. The book considers specifically the interaction between EU and WTO law because the EU is itself a Member of the WTO, next to its Member States. This implies that the EU must respect the obligations it undertook in the framework of the WTO when the EU determines its policy towards third-country banks.

Foreign trade policy --- Private finance --- Commercial law. Economic law (general) --- European Union --- Banks and banking, International --- Banks and banking --- Banking law --- Law and legislation --- State supervision --- Banks and banking, International. --- Banking law. --- Law, Banking --- Financial institutions --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Money --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- Financial institutions, International --- International finance --- Law and legislation. --- State supervision. --- Banks and banking, International - Europe --- Banks and banking, International - Law and legislation --- Banks and banking, International - Law and legislation - Europe --- Banks and banking - State supervision --- Banks and banking - State supervision - Europe --- Banking law - Europe

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Private finance --- Financial law --- United States --- Bankrecht --- Droit bancaire --- Banking law. --- 336.711.6 --- Banktoezicht. Bankrevisoraat. Disconto. Discontopolitiek. Dekkingsvoorschriften. Bankbiljettencirculatie. Reservefondsvorming --- 336.711.6 Banktoezicht. Bankrevisoraat. Disconto. Discontopolitiek. Dekkingsvoorschriften. Bankbiljettencirculatie. Reservefondsvorming --- 332.10973 --- 333.100 --- 333.139.2 --- 333.78 --- 347.734 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.71 --- Banking law --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Law, Banking --- Financial institutions --- 336.71 Bankwezen --- Bankwezen --- Services, Financial --- Service industries --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek --- Bankcontrole en -reglementering. Reglementering van het bankberoep --- Kredietcontrole. Credit crunch --- Bank- en spaarinstellingen (recht) --- State supervision --- Law and legislation --- State supervision. --- Banks and banking - United States - State supervision. --- Financial services industry - State supervision. --- Financial services industry - United States - State supervision. --- Services financiers --- Banques --- Ratio de solvabilité. --- Contrôle de l'État. --- Droit. --- Banks and banking - State supervision --- Banks and banking - State supervision - United States --- Banking law - United States --- Financial services industry - State supervision - United States --- Financial services industry - State supervision --- United States of America

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Money. Monetary policy --- Entreprises financières --- Financial institutions --- Financial intermediaries --- Financiële instellingen --- Instellingen [Financiële ] --- Institutions financières --- Intermédiaires financiers --- Lending institutions --- Établissements financiers --- Finance --- Banks and banking --- Congresses --- Law and legislation --- State supervision --- 336.76 --- Academic collection --- marches financiers --- concurrence --- politique monetaire --- Beurswezen. Geldmarkt. Valutamarkt. Binnenlandse geldmarkt. Valutamarkt --- financiele markten --- concurrentie --- monetair beleid --- 336.76 Beurswezen. Geldmarkt. Valutamarkt. Binnenlandse geldmarkt. Valutamarkt --- Finance - Europe - Congresses --- Finance - Law and legislation - Europe - Congresses --- Banks and banking - Europe - State supervision - Congresses --- Banks and banking - State supervision - United States - Congresses

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Substantial effort has been devoted to reforming China's banking system in recent years. The authorities recapitalized three large state-owned banks, introduced new governance structures, and brought in foreign strategic investors. However, it remains unclear the extent to which currently reported data reflect the true credit risk in loan portfolios and whether lending decisions have started to be taken on a commercial basis. We examine lending growth, credit pricing, and regional patterns in lending from 1997 through 2004 to look for evidence of changing behavior of the large state-owned commercial banks (SCBs). We find that the SCBs have slowed down credit expansion, but that the pricing of credit risk remains undifferentiated and banks do not appear to take enterprise profitability into account when making lending decisions. Controlling for several factors, we find that large SCBs have continued to lose market share to other financial institutions in provinces with more profitable enterprises. The full impact of the most recent reforms will become clear only in several years, however, and these issues should be revisited in future research.

Bank loans -- China. --- Banks and banking -- Government ownership -- China. --- Banks and banking -- State supervision -- China. --- Corporate governance -- China. --- Credit -- Management -- China. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Banking --- Banks and banking --- Bank loans --- Credit --- Corporate governance --- Government ownership --- State supervision --- Management --- Borrowing --- Bank credit --- Agricultural banks --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Money --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Nonperforming loans --- State-owned banks --- China, People's Republic of

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In the wake of the financial crises of the late 1990's, there was a surge of interest in the systematic assessment of financial sectors, with a view to identifying vulnerabilities and evaluating the sector's developmental needs. Consequently, there has been an increased demand from financial sector authorities in many countries for information on key issues and sound practices in the assessment of financial systems and the appropriate design of policy responses. In response, Financial Sector Assessment presents a general analytical framework and broad guidance on approaches, methodologies and

International finance --- Financial services industry --- Banks and banking --- Securities industry --- Insurance --- Financial crises --- Risk assessment --- State supervision --- Financial crises. --- Risk assessment. --- Analysis, Risk --- Assessment, Risk --- Risk analysis --- Risk evaluation --- Evaluation --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Insurance companies --- Insurance commissioners --- Insurance law --- Services, Financial --- Service industries --- State supervision. --- Financial services industry - State supervision --- Banks and banking - State supervision --- Securities industry - State supervision --- Insurance - State supervision --- Acqui 2006