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In this book Juan R. I. Cole challenges traditional elite-centered conceptions of the conflict that led to the British occupation of Egypt in September 1882. For a year before the British intervened, Egypt's viceregal government and the country's influential European community had been locked in a struggle with the nationalist supporters of General Ahmad al-`Urabi. Although most Western observers still see the `Urabi movement as a "revolt" of junior military officers with only limited support among the Egyptian people, Cole maintains that it was a broadly based social revolution hardly underway when it was cut off by the British. While arguing this fresh point of view, he also proposes a theory of revolutions against informal or neocolonial empires, drawing parallels between Egypt in 1882, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and the Islamic Revolution in modern Iran. In a thorough examination of the changing Egyptian political culture from 1858 through the `Urabi episode, Cole shows how various social strata--urban guilds, the intelligentsia, and village notables--became "revolutionary." Addressing issues raised by such scholars as Barrington Moore and Theda Skocpol, his book combines four complementary approaches: social structure and its socioeconomic context, organization, ideology, and the ways in which unexpected conjunctures of events help drive a revolution.

Social classes --- Class distinction --- Classes, Social --- Rank --- Caste --- Estates (Social orders) --- Social status --- Class consciousness --- Classism --- Social stratification --- History --- ʻUrābī, Aḥmad, --- Egypt --- Aḥmad ʻArābī, --- Aḥmad ʻIrābī, --- Aḥmad ʻUrābī, --- ʻArābī, Aḥmad, --- ʻArabi Pasha, --- ʻIrābī, Aḥmad, --- Ourabi, Ahmad, --- Ourabi, Ahmed, --- ʻUrābī Pasha, --- أحمد عرابي --- عرابي، أحمد، --- عرابي، احمد --- عرابي، احمد، --- عرابى، أحمد، --- History of Africa --- anno 1800-1899 --- Abbasid Caliphate. --- Activism. --- Al-Ahram. --- Al-Mahdi. --- Algerian War. --- Ancien Régime. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Arabization. --- Banditry. --- Before the Revolution. --- Bourgeoisie. --- British Empire. --- Bureaucrat. --- Byzantine Empire. --- Caliphate. --- Capitalism. --- Censorship. --- Central Asia. --- Circassians. --- Colonialism. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Constitutionalist (UK). --- Corporatism. --- Counter-revolutionary. --- Decolonization. --- Despotism. --- Economic interventionism. --- Education in Egypt. --- Egyptian Government. --- Egyptian crisis (2011–14). --- Egyptian law. --- Egyptians. --- Elie Kedourie. --- Emir. --- English Revolution. --- Expansionism. --- Expatriate. --- Extraterritoriality. --- Foreign policy of the United States. --- From Time Immemorial. --- Ideology. --- Imperial Ambitions. --- Imperialism. --- Indian Rebellion of 1857. --- Infant industry. --- Insurgency. --- Intelligentsia. --- International relations. --- Iranian Revolution. --- Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani. --- Jingoism. --- Khedive. --- Labor aristocracy. --- Liberalism (book). --- Liberalism. --- Loan shark. --- Mercantilism. --- Middle East. --- Mirrors for princes. --- Nativism (politics). --- Neocolonialism. --- New Political Economy (journal). --- Newspaper. --- On Revolution. --- Orientalism. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Pan-Islamism. --- Peasant. --- Pogrom. --- Political revolution. --- Politics. --- Poll tax. --- Populism. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Reformism. --- Revolution. --- Revolutionary movement. --- Ruhollah Khomeini. --- Salman Rushdie. --- Sayyid. --- Secularization. --- Social revolution. --- State within a state. --- States and Social Revolutions. --- Subaltern (postcolonialism). --- Suez Canal Company. --- Suez Crisis. --- Tanzimat. --- Tax collector. --- Tax. --- The Imperialism of Free Trade. --- Tyrant. --- Upper Egypt. --- Urban riots. --- Use tax. --- Usury. --- Warfare. --- Westernization. --- Young Turk Revolution. --- Zoroaster. --- Urabi, Ahmad,

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In Making Sense of War, Amir Weiner reconceptualizes the entire historical experience of the Soviet Union from a new perspective, that of World War II. Breaking with the conventional interpretation that views World War II as a post-revolutionary addendum, Weiner situates this event at the crux of the development of the Soviet--not just the Stalinist--system. Through a richly detailed look at Soviet society as a whole, and at one Ukrainian region in particular, the author shows how World War II came to define the ways in which members of the political elite as well as ordinary citizens viewed the world and acted upon their beliefs and ideologies. The book explores the creation of the myth of the war against the historiography of modern schemes for social engineering, the Holocaust, ethnic deportations, collaboration, and postwar settlements. For communist true believers, World War II was the purgatory of the revolution, the final cleansing of Soviet society of the remaining elusive "human weeds" who intruded upon socialist harmony, and it brought the polity to the brink of communism. Those ridden with doubts turned to the war as a redemption for past wrongs of the regime, while others hoped it would be the death blow to an evil enterprise. For all, it was the Armageddon of the Bolshevik Revolution. The result of Weiner's inquiry is a bold, compelling new picture of a Soviet Union both reinforced and enfeebled by the experience of total war.

Communism --- Propaganda, Soviet --- World War, 1939-1945 --- History. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Propaganda. --- Psychological aspects. --- Social aspects --- Vinnyt͡si͡a Region (Ukraine) --- History --- Soviet propaganda --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Vinnyt︠s︡i︠a︡ Region (Ukraine) --- Abwehr. --- Allied-occupied Germany. --- Anti-fascism. --- Antisemitism (authors). --- Antisemitism. --- Banditry. --- Battle cry. --- Battle of Moscow. --- Battle of Stalingrad. --- Bolsheviks. --- Central Committee. --- Civil war. --- Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II. --- Collective punishment. --- Colonial war. --- Combatant. --- Communism. --- Counter-revolutionary. --- De-Stalinization. --- Decossackization. --- Dekulakization. --- Demagogue. --- Demoralization (warfare). --- Denazification. --- Deportation. --- Destruction battalions. --- Einsatzgruppen. --- Einsatzkommando. --- German war crimes. --- Great Patriotic War (term). --- Guerrilla warfare. --- Hitler's Willing Executioners. --- Home front during World War II. --- Imperialism. --- Insurgency. --- Invasion of Poland. --- Jews. --- Kolkhoz. --- Kosovo Myth. --- Lazar Kaganovich. --- Militarism. --- Militarization. --- Military occupation. --- Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. --- Napoleonic Wars. --- National Reconciliation. --- Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War). --- Nazi Party. --- Nazi propaganda. --- Nazism. --- Nikita Khrushchev. --- Nuremberg trials. --- On Revolution. --- On War. --- On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences. --- Operation Barbarossa. --- Partisan (military). --- Partitions of Poland. --- Pavlik Morozov. --- People's Army. --- Persecution. --- Pogrom. --- Prisoner of war. --- Radicalization. --- Religious war. --- Reprisal. --- Resistance during World War II. --- Revolutionary terror. --- Russian Civil War. --- Russification. --- Schutzstaffel. --- Separatism. --- Soviet Union in World War II. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet partisans. --- Stalinism. --- Terrorism. --- The German War. --- The Great Terror. --- The Origins of Totalitarianism. --- The Revolution Betrayed. --- Total war. --- Totalitarianism. --- Treason. --- Ukrainians. --- Untermensch. --- Victor Kravchenko (defector). --- Vinnytsia. --- Violent Struggle. --- War correspondent. --- War crime. --- War effort. --- War song. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Wilhelm Canaris. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- Yad Vashem. --- Zionism. --- Vinnyt︠s︡ʹka oblastʹ (Ukraine)