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Written by a highly regarded scholar in the field, this is the first published study on the Greek kingdoms of Bactria and India that treats them as Hellenistic states. The book begins with an overview of the Seleucid settlement, providing a background to the relations between Greeks and Asiatics after the death of Alexander the Great. Covering the period from 206 to 145 BCE, the book analyses the reigns of Euthydemus I, Demetrius I and Menander I, and explains how they accomplished Alexander's dream of co-operation instead of domination in the eastern provinces. Tarn's work examines this little-discussed topic and presents it to the reader in a clear and accessible style, making this a great scholarly contribution that remains unsurpassed in breadth and depth. The second edition from 1966 (reissued here) includes an Addendum explaining the further discoveries since the work was first published in 1951.

Greeks --- Hellenism. --- Indo-Scythians. --- India --- Bactria --- History --- History. --- Iranians --- Scythians --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana

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This is the first publication of a group of 30 documents on leather in Official Aramaic, dating to the 4th century bc and reflecting the practice of the Achaemenian administration in Bactria and Sogdiana. Eighteen inscribed wooden sticks, for use as tallies, dated to the third year of King Darius III, are also included. They are considered to be the second most important discovery of its type known. Two of the leather documents relate to the fall of the Persian Empire: one mentions Bessus, the usurper of the Persian throne, travelling to Warnu (Greek Aornos); the other is a long list of supplies in the year 7 of King Alexander. In addition to their valuable historical contents, the documents enrich our knowledge of Aramaic and its lexicon. The documents are given in Aramaic with translation, introduction, commentary and glossary. The volume is lavishly illustrated.

Aramaic language --- Sogdians --- 939.6 --- Sogdy --- Ethnology --- Aramean language --- Biblical Aramaic language --- Chaldaic language --- Chaldean language (Aramaic) --- Chaldee language --- Semitic languages, Northwest --- Syriac language --- 939.6 Geschiedenis van Centraal-Azië: Hyrcania; Bactriana; Ariana --- Geschiedenis van Centraal-Azië: Hyrcania; Bactriana; Ariana --- Texts. --- History. --- Achaemenid dynasty, --- Bactria --- History --- Texts --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana

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Seals (Numismatics) --- History --- Asia, Central --- India, Northwestern --- Bactria --- Gandhara (Pakistan and Afghanistan) --- Antiquities --- Tokens --- Private collections --- Aman ur Rahman --- Numismatic collections --- Antiquities. --- Seals (Numismatics). --- Sigill --- History. --- historia --- Asia --- Asia, Central. --- India, Northwestern. --- Baktrien --- Gandhara --- fornlämningar. --- Historia --- Fornlämningar. --- Sigillography --- Signets --- Sphragistics --- Diplomatics --- Glyptics --- Heraldry --- Inscriptions --- Intaglios --- Numismatics --- Emblems, National --- Signatures (Writing) --- Gandhara (Pakistan) --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- India, North-west --- India, North-western --- India, Northwest --- North-west India --- North-western India --- Northwest India --- Northwestern India --- Seals (Numismatics) - Asia, Central - History --- Seals (Numismatics) - India, Northwestern - History --- Asia, Central - Antiquities --- India, Northwestern - Antiquities --- Bactria - Antiquities --- Gandhara (Pakistan and Afghanistan) - Antiquities --- Aman ur rahman --- Gāndhāra (pakistan) --- Collections numismatiques --- Catalogues --- Antiquités

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In the aftermath of Alexander the Great's conquests in the late fourth century B.C., Greek garrisons and settlements were established across Central Asia, through Bactria (modern-day Afghanistan) and into India. Over the next three hundred years, these settlements evolved into multiethnic, multilingual communities as much Greek as they were indigenous. To explore the lives and identities of the inhabitants of the Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms, Rachel Mairs marshals a variety of evidence, from archaeology, to coins, to documentary and historical texts. Looking particularly at the great city of Ai Khanoum, the only extensively excavated Hellenistic period urban site in Central Asia, Mairs explores how these ancient people lived, communicated, and understood themselves. Significant and original, The Hellenistic Far East will highlight Bactrian studies as an important part of our understanding of the ancient world.

Antiquities. --- Archäologie. --- Cities and towns, Ancient --- Cities and towns, Ancient. --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Excavations (Archaeology). --- Greeks --- Greeks. --- Group identity --- Group identity. --- Social archaeology --- Social archaeology. --- History. --- Afghanistan --- Asia --- Asia, Central --- Asia, Central. --- Ay Khānom (Afghanistan) --- Bactria --- Ferner Osten. --- Hellenobaktrisches Reich. --- Indogriechisches Reich. --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Garrisons --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Geography, Ancient --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Archaeology --- History --- Methodology --- Ay Khānom (Afghanistan) --- Aï Khanoum (Afghanistan) --- Ai Khanum (Afghanistan) --- Ay Khanum (Afghanistan) --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- Central Asia --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Languages --- ai khanoum. --- alexander the great. --- alexandria on the oxus. --- ancient history. --- ancient people. --- ancient world. --- antiquity. --- archaeology. --- bactria. --- central asia. --- coins. --- conquests of alexander the great. --- eucratidia. --- extensively excavated. --- graeco bactrian kingdoms. --- greece. --- greek empire. --- greek garrison. --- hellenistic period. --- india. --- indigenous peoples. --- indo greek kingdoms. --- late fourth century. --- modern day afghanistan. --- multi ethnic. --- multi lingual. --- urban site.

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Drawing on ancient historical writings, the vast array of information gleaned in recent years from the study of Hellenistic coins, and startling archaeological evidence newly unearthed in Afghanistan, Frank L. Holt sets out to rediscover the ancient civilization of Bactria. In a gripping narrative informed by the author's deep knowledge of his subject, this book covers two centuries of Bactria's history, from its colonization by remnants of Alexander the Great's army to the kingdom's collapse at the time of a devastating series of nomadic invasions. Beginning with the few tantalizing traces left behind when the 'empire of a thousand cities' vanished, Holt takes up that trail and follows the remarkable and sometimes perilous journey of rediscovery.Lost World of the Ancient King describes how a single bit of evidence-a Greek coin-launched a search that drew explorers to the region occupied by the tumultuous warring tribes of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Afghanistan. Coin by coin, king by king, the history of Bactria was reconstructed using the emerging methodologies of numismatics. In the twentieth century, extraordinary ancient texts added to the evidence. Finally, one of the 'thousand cities' was discovered and excavated, revealing an opulent palace, treasury, temple, and other buildings. Though these great discoveries soon fell victim to the Afghan political crisis that continues today, this book provides a thrilling chronicle of the search for one of the world's most enigmatic empires.

Greeks --- Coins, Greek --- Greek coins --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- History --- Eucratides, --- Eucratides --- Eukratides, --- Bactria --- Afghanistan --- A-fu-han --- Afeganistão --- Affganistan --- Affghanistan --- Afganistan --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afganistėn --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Afhanistan --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afuganisutan --- Ahyganitã --- Apganistan --- Aphganistan --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- DRA --- Efẍanistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- Republic of Afghanistan --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Афганистан --- Афганистэн --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Афганістан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- افغانستان --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- アフガニスタン --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- Civilization. --- Antiquities. --- 18th century afghanistan. --- 19th century afghanistan. --- adventure. --- afghan political crisis. --- alexander the great. --- ancient civilization of bactria. --- ancient history. --- archaeological evidence. --- archaeological mysteries. --- archeology. --- asian history. --- books for history lovers. --- easy to read. --- educational books. --- engaging. --- hellenistic coins. --- historical discoveries. --- historiography. --- history of bactria. --- history of empires. --- history. --- leisure reads. --- most powerful empires ever. --- nonfiction. --- page turner. --- travel and discovery. --- what is bactria.