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More than 150 documents in Bactrian, the chief administrative language of pre-Islamic Afghanistan, have come to light during the last twenty-five years. These documents include letters, legal contracts, economic documents and a few Buddhist texts; many of them bear dates in the so-called “Bactrian era”, which is also known from a few inscriptions, such as the Tochi valley inscriptions in Pakistan, but whose starting-point is controversial. The Bactrian documents have the potential to transform our knowledge of the history of the region during the 4th to 8th centuries CE, a period for which we have few contemporary records, but before they can be fully exploited as historical sources it is necessary to establish their relative and absolute chronology. The present volume aims to fulfil this need. In Part 1 we consider the dated documents, discussing the nature of the Bactrian calendar and the epoch of the Bactrian era, and concluding with a conspectus in which all the attested dates are converted to Julian dates on the basis of the facts and arguments presented. In Part 2 we turn to the equally important undated documents, systematically weighing up all types of evidence, whether historical, prosopographical, palaeographical, linguistic or orthographic, which may have a bearing on their dating. Part 3 provides a handy check-list of our conclusions, while the Appendices provide additional and supporting material including editions of the Tochi valley inscriptions and of a Pahlavi letter which was purchased together with the Bactrian documents.This book will be required reading for scholars and students of the pre-Islamic and early Islamic history of Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. It will also be a useful resource for those interested in the languages, religions and numismatics of the region.

Bactrian language --- Texts --- Dating --- Afghanistan --- History --- Bactrian language - Texts --- Bactrian language - Texts - Dating --- Afghanistan - History - Sources

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Avestan language --- Avestique (Langue) --- Lexicology --- Lexicologie --- -Avesta language --- Bactrian language (Old Bactrian) --- Old Bactrian language --- Zend language --- Iranian languages --- Lexicology. --- -Lexicology --- Avesta language --- Avestan language - Lexicology

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This is the first modern comprehensive account of the syntax of Old Avestan, the earliest known form of Iranian language, attested in the Gathas of Zarathushtra and the Liturgy in Seven Chapters. It is based on the most up-to-date understanding of the texts, while following traditional principles of grammatical analysis. There are also substantial sections on word order, stylistics, and figures of speech. Translations are provided for almost all passages quoted. The work will be welcomed by Iranianists as well as by historical linguists with wider Indo-European interests.

Avestan language --- Avesta language --- Bactrian language (Old Bactrian) --- Old Bactrian language --- Zend language --- Iranian languages --- Syntax. --- Avestan language - Syntax --- Indo-European Languages. --- Iranian Language. --- Old Avestan. --- Zarathushtra.

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Texte en anglais et en bactrien

Avesta language --- Avestaans (Taal) --- Avestan language --- Avestique (Langue) --- Bactrian language (Old Bactrian) --- Iran--Languages --- Old Bactrian language --- Zend language --- Law --- Afghanistan --- History --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Avestan language. --- Bactrian language --- Sources --- Law - Afghanistan --- Afghanistan - History - Sources --- Afghanistan - Social conditions - Sources --- Afghanistan - Economic conditions - Sources

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Names, Personal --- Vedic language --- Old Persian language --- Noms de personnes --- Noms de personnes vieux-perses --- Védique (Langue) --- Vieux perse (Langue) --- Sanskrit. --- Old Persian. --- Etymology --- Names. --- Sanscrits --- Etymologie --- Noms --- Vedas. --- Avesta. --- Avestan language --- Vedic --- Avestan --- Names --- Avesta --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Avestan. --- Vedic. --- Védique (Langue) --- Old Indic language --- Vedic Sanskrit language --- Indo-Aryan languages --- Sanskrit language --- Anthroponomy --- Baby names --- Christian names --- Family names --- Forenames --- Names of families --- Names of persons --- Personal names --- Surnames --- Onomastics --- Avesta language --- Bactrian language (Old Bactrian) --- Old Bactrian language --- Zend language --- Iranian languages --- Etymology&delete& --- R̥igveda --- R̥gveda --- Rg Weda --- R̥gveda-saṃhitā --- R̥g-Veda-saṃhitā --- Ригведасамхита --- Rigvedasamkhita --- Rig Veda --- Āśvalāyanaśākhīyā R̥gvedasaṃhitā --- Abistā --- Zend-Avesta --- Avistā --- Avesto --- Vedic personal names --- Avestan personal names --- Names, Personal - Vedic --- Names, Personal - Avestan --- Vedic language - Etymology - Names --- Avestan language - Etymology - Names --- Acqui 2006 --- Veda. R̥gveda-saṃhitā --- Noms de personnes védiques --- Védique (langue) --- Noms de personnes avestiques --- Avestique (langue) --- Femmes --- Littérature sanskrite --- Onomastique --- Critique, interprétation, etc. --- Étymologie --- Dans la littérature --- Thèmes, motifs --- Inde --- Iran