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Biodiversity of Microbial Life places the importance and novelty of the diversity of the microbial world in perspective with the biodiversity of plants and animals. Microbial diversity has driven the evolution of all life on Earth as well as the nutrient cycles, which are key to the operation of the biosphere. Microorganisms live in all ecosystems, even extreme environments not habitable to other organisms. Noted experts including Carl Woese, the originator of the Tree of Life, and Rita Colwell, who is now Director of the National Science Foundation, offer their unique perspectives on the extent and importance of microbial biodiversity. Special emphasis is placed on: * Evolution, speciation, and contrasts between microbial biodiversity and plant and animal biodiversity * Physiological and metabolic diversity of microorganisms * Biodiversity of microbial life in terrestrial and marine environments * Symbioses between microorganisms and plants, insects, and humans * Extreme environments populated exclusively or primarily by microorganisms including thermal vents and hot springs, polar sea ice environments, and subterranean ecosystems * Microorganisms and biotechnology Biodiversity of Microbial Life is an essential resource for all biologists interested in biodiversity.

Bacterial diversity. --- Microbial ecology. --- Microorganisms --- Evolution. --- Microbial ecology --- Bacterial diversity

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Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface attached, matrix enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume tends to focus on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth. The next chapters are devoted to common problematic biofilms, those that colonize venous and urinary catheters. The final series of chapters examines biofilm formation by four species that are important pathogens and well studied models, one of which, Yersinia pestis, cleverly adopts a biofilm state of growth within its insect vector to promote disease transmission to mammalian hosts.

Biofilms. --- Bacteria. --- Bacterial diversity. --- Diversity, Bacterial --- Microbial diversity --- Germs --- Microbes --- Prokaryotes --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology

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Genetics, Microbial --- Bacterial diversity --- Genetic aspects --- Bacteria --- Génétique --- genetics --- Enzymes --- Variation génétique --- genetic variation --- Génétique des populations --- population genetics --- Genetic aspects. --- Genetics. --- Luminescence. --- Cells. --- Bacterial diversity - Genetic aspects --- Cells --- Nitrogen fixation, biological --- Photosynthesis --- Plant --- Virus, bacterial

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The interest in eco-friendly, sustainable and organic farming cater high yield and quality in sustainable agriculture so as to relieve food scarcity. The plant growth and health promoting bacteria (PGHPR) are able to produce phytohormones and biosurfactants as effector metabolites in plant- microbe interactions and phyto-stimulation for their exploitation in agro-ecosystem. Bacterial phytohormones and biosurfactants are vital for plant growth and development, trigger nutrient availability, root colonization and imparting protection from phytopathogens in rhizosphere. This volume entitled “Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem” depicts various aspects of bacterial metabolites overtook on quest of research and concept up-gradation that can build emerging paradigm of future “Green Revolution”.

Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Bacterial diversity. --- Agricultural ecology. --- Metabolites. --- Secondary metabolites --- Agriculture --- Agroecology --- Diversity, Bacterial --- Ecology --- Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Agriculture. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Microbial ecology. --- Life Sciences. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Permaculture --- Biomolecules --- Biological products --- Chemical ecology --- Microbial diversity --- Environmental aspects --- Biochemistry. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Environmental microbiology --- Microbiology --- Composition --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics

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Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation” collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.

Research & information: general --- Tungsten --- corn uptake --- soil characteristics --- Freundlich model --- Biolog® --- community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) --- functional diversity indices --- metabolic bacterial diversity --- olive --- soil fertility --- soil quality --- maize --- stomata --- soil --- phenanthrene --- remediation --- qualitative multi-attribute model --- total energy output --- agro-ecological service crops --- ex-post sustainability --- organic systems --- amendment --- biochar --- brewers’ spent grain --- hop --- image analysis --- plant growth --- Beerkan method --- infiltration --- forest restoration --- soil water repellency --- tillage --- fertilization --- soil depth --- organic carbon --- clay minerals --- diffuse reflectance --- infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- composting --- PAHs --- organic co-substrates --- mulching --- flattening --- irrigation --- photosynthesis --- transpiration --- water stress integral --- fruit growth --- water use efficiency --- productivity --- soil organic matter --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- spatial heterogeneity --- multivariate adaptive regression splines --- partial least squares regression --- anaerobic digestion residues --- soil amendment --- soil fertilization --- soil organic C --- soil porosity --- soil microbial community --- copper --- rhizosphere --- smart agriculture --- microbes --- vineyard --- organic agriculture --- soil organic carbon --- soil management --- soil contamination --- soil remediation --- sustainable fruit growing --- water conservation practices --- multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction