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STABILITY PACT FOR SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE --- BALKAN PENINSULA--NATIONAL SECURITY --- BALKAN PENINSULA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- BALKAN PENINSULA--FOREIGN RELATIONS --- BALKAN PENINSULA--ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

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L'éclatement de la Yougoslavie était-il inéluctable ? Les guerres yougoslaves ont-elles été des guerres de religion ? Les Balkans ont-ils raté leur transition économique ? La Serbie est-elle le cheval de Troie de la Russie dans la région ? La Chine est-elle en train d'acheter les Balkans ? Alors que l'actualité de l'Europe se déplace vers l'Est, les regards se tournent à nouveau vers les Balkans : la guerre en Ukraine peut-elle s'étendre à cette région fragile ? De nouvelles violences vont-elles éclater au Kosovo ou en Bosnie-Herzégovine ? Trente ans après la dislocation de la Yougoslavie socialiste de Tito, tous les pays des Balkans occidentaux ont théoriquement "vocation" à rejoindre l'Union européenne, mais le processus d'élargissement est bloqué. Ces pays sont dominés par des élites corrompues et autoritaires, leur économie stagne, l'Etat de droit dérape, poussant ainsi les citoyens à l'exode. Les Balkans redeviennent une périphérie marginalisée, "garde-frontières" de l'Europe, soumise aux jeux d'influences contradictoires de Bruxelles, des Etats-Unis, de la Russie, de la Chine ou de la Turquie. Ces 100 clés passionnantes nous font comprendre la complexité de cette région voisine méconnue, carrefour composite, véritable miroir grossissant de toutes les tensions géopolitiques de notre époque. 2023

Politique et gouvernement --- Relations extérieures --- Géopolitique --- Balkans --- BALKAN PENINSULA--HISTORY --- BALKAN PENINSULA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- BALKAN PENINSULA--ECONOMIC CONDITIONS --- BALKAN PENINSULA--SOCIAL CONDITIONS --- Geopolitics --- Balkan Peninsula --- History

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Why did some countries and regions of Europe reach high levels of economic advancement in the nineteenth century, while others were left behind? This new transnational survey of the continent's economic development highlights the role of regional differences in shaping each country's economic path and outcome. Presenting a clear and cogent explanation of the historical causes of advancement and backwardness, Ivan Berend integrates social, political, institutional and cultural factors as well as engaging in debates about the relative roles of knowledge, the state and institutions. Featuring boxed essays on key personalities including Adam Smith, Friedrich List, Gustave Eiffel and the Krupp family, as well as brief histories of innovations such as the steam engine, vaccinations and the co-operative system, the book helps to explain the theories and macro-economic trends that dominated the century and their impact on the subsequent development of the European economy right up to the present day.

History of Europe --- anno 1800-1899 --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Regional disparities --- 338 <09> "18" --- 338 <09> <4> --- 338 <09> <4> Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- 338 <09> "18" Economische geschiedenis--19e eeuw. Periode 1800-1899 --- Economische geschiedenis--19e eeuw. Periode 1800-1899 --- Europe - Economic conditions - Regional disparities --- Balkan Peninsula -- Economic conditions. --- Balkan Peninsula -- Social conditions. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Regional disparities.

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In contrast to research on elites or “history from below,” this study offers an approach that can be called “mesohistory” – a collective social biography of the Balkan merchants. In foregrounding the voices of traders, this study sheds fresh light on multiethnic networks of social actors navigating multiple social, political, and economic systems – supporting and opposing various aspects of nationalist ideologies. Personal accounts humanize features of these “faceless” socially mediating groups. Merchants’ generation-specific perspectives on the economy, society, and state, both in times of war and peace, are analyzed against the backdrop of Balkan, Ottoman, and European history. The study captures a dialogue between primary and secondary sources and the major debates regarding nationalism, modernity, and the Ottoman legacy.

Balkan Peninsula -- Economic conditions. --- Balkan Peninsula -- Politics and government. --- Balkan Peninsula -- Social conditions. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Balkan Peninsula --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Balkan States --- Balkans --- Europe, Southeastern --- Southeastern Europe --- E-books --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic Conditions --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic History --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / Comparative --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Economic Conditions

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Regional cooperation in the Western Balkans is an issue that has been much discussed. Nor has there been any shortage of action to match the talk. As a result, the countries of the region are today much more closely connected through various cooperation schemes than they were seven years ago. This is a success that should not be underestimated. If the present situation is compared to the one prevailing in 2000 – an annus mirabilis for the region as democratic changes took place first in Croatia and later in Serbia – clearly a lot of positive developments have taken place. Today the Western Balkans is an emerging region in transition, where economic development is underway and in which cooperation is increasingly seen as an obvious choice, rather than a last-resort option. Yet not everything is rosy. There are still acute social problems within the Western Balkans – delayed integration and the violent conflicts that followed the disintegration of Yugoslavia mean that today the region is blighted by severe unemployment, poor infrastructure, drug and human trafficking and other forms of organised crime. To make matters worse, the EU integration process seems to have been plagued with controversy about ‘absorption capacity’, ‘integration capacity’ and ‘enlargement fatigue’, leading citizens of the countries in the region to question whether the prospect of membership promised to them is in fact a credible one. This Chaillot Paper tries to provide a background against which both cooperation among the countries of the region and their integration in the EU, as major vectors of long-term stabilisation, can be better understood but also more effectively encouraged. Focusing on the forms of cooperation that exist in the region, and also on the different expectations among external actors encouraging and regional actors participating in this, it highlights the importance of successful future cooperation and integration in a region that has traditionally known little of either.

Regionalism --- European Union --- Balkan Peninsula --- Foreign relations --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- Economic integration --- #SBIB:327.5H10 --- #SBIB:328H271 --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Strategie: algemeen --- Instellingen en beleid: Balkanstaten: Roemenië, Bulgarije, Ex-Joegoslavië, Albanië e.a --- E.U. --- Balkan States --- Balkans --- Europe, Southeastern --- Southeastern Europe --- Economic conditions. --- Economic integration. --- Politics and government. --- Regionalism - Balkan Peninsula --- Balkan Peninsula - Foreign relations - European Union countries --- Balkan Peninsula - Economic conditions --- Balkan Peninsula - Politics and government --- Balkan Peninsula - Economic integration