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The 2017 International Conference on Micro/Nanomachines (http://www.icmnm.org/) was held in Wuhan, China, 25–28 August, 2017. Micro/nanomotors (MNMs), which are defined as micro/nanodevices capable of converting energy into autonomous motion, can be used to pick up, transport, and release various cargoes within a liquid medium. They have important potential applications, for example, in drug delivery, biosensors, protein and cell separation, microsurgeries, and environment remediation. MNMs can be classified into two categories, according to their propulsion mechanism. In this respect, self-propelled MNMs are capable of moving autonomously without external intervention, but they either require toxic fuel or have a short lifespan. MNMs actuated by external fields, such as light, magnetic field, and acoustic waves, are not subject to these problems, do not require toxic fuels, nor give rise to by-products during the motion process. For both self-propelled and field-actuated MNMs, there is still a long way to go before we reach practical applications. The future development of MNMs should be focused on improving the energy conversion efficiency through structure optimization, exploring new propulsion mechanisms and endowing MNMs with environmental responses for self-navigation, detection, and specific operations. In this way, MNMs will approach their practical application in biomedicine, environment treatment, microengineering, etc.
Autonomous motion --- Microengineering --- Micro/Nanomachines --- Environmental remediation --- Self-navigation --- Drug delivery
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This book entitled “Chemical Symmetry Breaking” is a collective volume of state-of-the-art reports on unique nonlinear chemical and physical symmetry-breaking phenomena that were experimentally observed upon a thermally or photochemically induced phase transition in various organic condensed phases, such as metastable liquid crystals, crystals, amorphous solids, and colloidal polymer materials, only under nonequilibrium conditions. Each author summarizes the introductory section in simple terms but in detail for beginners in this field. We wish that many readers familiarize themselves with the general concepts and features of nonlinear and nonequilibrium (or out of equilibrium) complexity theory, which govern a variety of unique dynamic behaviors observed in chemistry, physics, life science and other fields, so that they may discover novel symmetry-breaking phenomena in their own research areas.
Research & information: general --- amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer --- amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer
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This book entitled “Chemical Symmetry Breaking” is a collective volume of state-of-the-art reports on unique nonlinear chemical and physical symmetry-breaking phenomena that were experimentally observed upon a thermally or photochemically induced phase transition in various organic condensed phases, such as metastable liquid crystals, crystals, amorphous solids, and colloidal polymer materials, only under nonequilibrium conditions. Each author summarizes the introductory section in simple terms but in detail for beginners in this field. We wish that many readers familiarize themselves with the general concepts and features of nonlinear and nonequilibrium (or out of equilibrium) complexity theory, which govern a variety of unique dynamic behaviors observed in chemistry, physics, life science and other fields, so that they may discover novel symmetry-breaking phenomena in their own research areas.
Research & information: general --- amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer
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This book entitled “Chemical Symmetry Breaking” is a collective volume of state-of-the-art reports on unique nonlinear chemical and physical symmetry-breaking phenomena that were experimentally observed upon a thermally or photochemically induced phase transition in various organic condensed phases, such as metastable liquid crystals, crystals, amorphous solids, and colloidal polymer materials, only under nonequilibrium conditions. Each author summarizes the introductory section in simple terms but in detail for beginners in this field. We wish that many readers familiarize themselves with the general concepts and features of nonlinear and nonequilibrium (or out of equilibrium) complexity theory, which govern a variety of unique dynamic behaviors observed in chemistry, physics, life science and other fields, so that they may discover novel symmetry-breaking phenomena in their own research areas.
amplification of chirality --- dynamic crystallization --- Diels–Alder reaction --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- conglomerate --- racemization --- attrition-enhanced deracemization --- Viedma ripening --- reversible reaction --- enantiomorphic crystal --- polymorphism --- off-shell quantum field --- space-like momentum --- dressed photon --- micro-macro duality --- Clebsch dual field --- Majorana fermion --- the cosmological term --- Weyl tensor --- dark energy --- dark matter --- photomechanical --- crystal --- right–left symmetry breaking --- chiral symmetry breaking --- dissipative structure --- energy conversion --- mechanical work --- self-oscillation --- collective dynamics --- autonomous motion --- self-replication --- autocatalysis --- molecular motor --- molecular robot --- amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation --- detection of real-time symmetry breaking --- mechanofluorochromism --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- liquid-like cluster --- evaporative crystallization --- quartz crystal microbalance --- two-step nucleation model --- chiral --- circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) --- magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) --- spontaneous resolution --- chirality --- deracemization --- preferential enrichment --- thermodynamics --- phase diagrams --- kinetics --- symmetry breaking --- ferroelectricity --- antiferrolelectricity --- subphases --- resonant X-ray scattering --- vapochromism --- fluorescence --- macrocycles --- inclusion crystals --- host–guest chemistry --- spin symmetry breaking --- magnetic liquid crystals --- magneto-LC effect --- nitroxide radicals --- superparamagnetic domain --- spin glass state --- elastic organic crystals --- mechanical deformation --- π-conjugated molecules --- photoluminescence --- deformation-induced photoluminescence changes --- biomolecular handedness --- circular dichroism --- circularly polarized luminescence --- non-equilibrium --- colloid --- conjugated polymer
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