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Avec sa visibilité médiatique, les controverses et polémiques autour de l'autisme se sont multipliées tout comme les conflits idéologiques, épistémologiques, éthiques, économiques et pratiques. Cet ouvrage les analyse à partir d'une méthodologie scientifique et montre le rôle des associations de parents et des pouvoirs publics.L'analyse des controverses sur l'autisme permet d'illustrer le décalage entre les connaissances scientifiques stabilisées et les informations tronquées relevant du marketing ou d'intérêts particuliers, entre les revendications des mouvements associatifs les plus médiatisés et les besoins des familles de milieu plus modeste. L'auteur étudie les transformations à l'œuvre dans les représentations et les définitions de l'autisme et leurs conséquences en matière de santé mentale, de psychiatrie et plus généralement de politiques de santé. Elle met en évidence l'émergence d'un lobbying associatif, d'une recomposition des relations entre associations et pouvoirs publics et le développement de logiques managériales.

Autism spectrum disorders.

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"Les troubles des conduites alimentaires des enfants autistes sont souvent considérés sous le seul prisme de la nécéssité de se nourrir. Or cette fonction nécessaire à notre survie ne peut se comprendre que si elle est mise en perspective avec l'ensemble du développement de l'enfant. Etre capable de se nourrir n'est pas un acte naturel, inné, mais le fruit d'une construction impliquant tout autant les aspects posturaux, praxiques, senqoriels et émotionnels.Cette construction débute dès la vie intra-utérine et concerne non seulement la capacité à s'alimenter mais aussi les capacités de redressement, la mise en place de coordinations ainsi que les capacités langagières. En mettant en lumière les processus sensori-moteurs et le concept de "chaîne narrative du repas", André Bullinger a montré tous les enjeux impliqués dans la fonction alimentaire et ouvert des pistes de prise en charge des troubles qui tiennent aussi compte des compétences émergentes de l'enfant. Les auteurs s'en inspirent pour analyser, à partir de leur expérience dans un hôpital de jour pour enfants autistes, les liens entre les difficultés développementales en termes de postures et de coordinations et les troubles plus spécifiques des conduites alimentaires.".

Autism spectrum disorders. --- Autism

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Over the past three decades, there has been a growing interest in the link between severe visual disorders (low vision and blindness) and the presence of autism spectrum disorders. Starting from an approach that focuses on the centrality of the person and adopts a biopsychosocial perspective, the text aims to investigate this comorbidity, proposing research questions, theoretical reflections, and intervention insights. In particular, the text focuses on the following themes: the importance of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools and pathways for the early detection of visual impairment from the earliest stages of development in people with autism spectrum disorders; the importance of specific intervention approaches that take into account the distinctiveness related to this comorbidity and allow supporting and promoting the developmental potential of people with this comorbidity; and the importance of informing and training, through a collaborative and person-centered approach, family members, caregivers, teachers, educators, pedagogues and other professionals in the field of inclusion.

Autism spectrum disorders. --- Autism.

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The book is based upon a PhD thesis focusing on implicit meaning comprehension in people along the spectrum of autistic disorders (ASD). The point of departure of the study was that, though existing research studies agree on a generalized pragmatic impairment in this clinical population even in cases in which all other levels of linguistic competence are spared, the cause of this impairment of pragmatic skills in toto is still unknown. The hypothesis underlying this book is that an explanation for this may be found in the fact that researchers appear to be conducting their work in order to demonstrate that the theory upon which their research is based is the definitive explanation for this phenomenon. Taking a critical stand towards this type of approach, the research presented in this book is grounded upon a solid theoretical basis, but does not seek to demonstrate the superiority of one theoretical hypothesis over another. The first two chapters are theoretical in scope, and serve as a foundation for understanding previous research and, hence, the rationale of the investigation carried out here. From chapter three onwards, the main body of research of this particular study is presented and the results are discussed. In order to verify the degree of implicit meaning understanding, the participants in this research study were administered a test that included both written items and videos of conversational exchanges containing a specific kind of implicit meaning about which they were asked questions. The videos allowed for the inclusion of all the contextual clues necessary for utterance interpretation and, also, for the analysis of the extent to which the inability to interpret implicit meaning depends on testing modality. The test elaborated for this research differs from those of previous studies mainly because of this feature, which pays due attention to context, thereby allowing for interactions that are as realistic as possible. Moreover, participants were asked to motivate their answers, and this proved fundamental in the data interpretation phase. The results of the study contradict previous research findings insofar as regards the severity of the impairment, in that ASD patients demonstrate an ability, albeit at different levels, to disambiguate sentences and assign a non-literal meaning to utterances.

Autism spectrum disorders.

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Unrivaled in its thoroughness, this volume discusses issues of assessment and evaluation; examines the etiology of ASD and its recognized associations with other medical conditions; analyzes standard and experimental treatments; and delves into social policy issues pertinent to individuals with ASD and those who treat them.

Autism spectrum disorders