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The traumatic experiences of persecution and genocide have changed traditional views of literature. The discussion of historical truth versus aesthetic autonomy takes an unexpected turn when confronted with the experiences of the victims of the Holocaust, the Gulag Archipelago, the Cultural Revolution, Apartheid and other crimes against humanity. The question is whether - and, if so, to what extent - literary imagination may depart from historical truth. In general, the first reactions to traumatic historical experiences are autobiographical statements, written by witnesses of the events. However, the second and third generations, the sons and daughters of the victims as well as of the victimizers, tend to free themselves from this generic restriction and claim their own way of remembering the history of their parents and grandparents. They explore their own limits of representation, and feel free to use a variety of genres; they turn to either realist or postmodernist, ironic or grotesque modes of writing.

Atrocities in literature --- Literature and history

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Monsters --- Monsters in literature. --- Geographical perception --- Atrocities in literature. --- Social aspects. --- Psychological aspects.

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Ce travail vise à reconstituer la vision romaine de l'horreur, au sens d'émotion extrême de peur et de phénomène horrible. L'étude porte sur l'épopée et l'historiographie latines, afin de cerner l'originalité du thème, qui relève normalement de la tragédie, dans deux genres dont il est a priori exclu. La revue des termes désignant la peur permet d'abord d'établir le champ sémantique de l'horreur au sens d'émotion ; s'en extrait l'imaginaire de l'horreur au sens de phénomène, qui s'organise en thèmes et motifs centrés autour des notions de noirceur, de grandeur et de laideur, se partage entre vision péjorative et laudative (horror ad odium/ ad uenerationem) et relève du profane ou du sacré. Sur le plan esthétique, l'horreur pose des problèmes de transposition aux poètes épiques et aux historiens, particulièrement dans le domaine de la violence : pour rendre compte du caractère excessif des violences horribles, ils mobilisent des procédés d'amplification dérogeant aux attendus génériques, l'emphasis, l'euidentia et le tumor. Enfin, l'horreur perturbe l'horizon d'attente du lecteur : la delectatio qu'elle induit allie paradoxalement un goßt trivial pour le sensationnel et un plaisir intellectuel de reconnaissance des problématiques de la mimèsis, fonctionnant en aemulatio avec les arts littéraires, plastiques ou scéniques ; l'utilitas qu'elle recèle relève essentiellement du questionnement éthique, puisque l'horror ad uenerationem peut prêter le flanc à la critique, et l'horror ad odium donner lieu au grandissement ambigu du mal. Au final, la notion d'horreur se structure dans les deux genres autour de deux thématiques dont la symbolique interfère : les Enfers et les guerres civiles.

Horror in literature --- Latin literature - History and criticism --- Epic poetry, Latin - History and criticism --- Atrocities in literature --- Littérature latine --- Horreur --- Peur --- Épopées latines --- Historiographie --- Thèmes, motifs. --- Dans la littérature

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"An estimated 40,000 Jews were murdered during the Russian Civil War. How did Jewish poets and investigators in the 1920s make sense of such organized acts of violence (pogroms)? Brilliantly weaving together narrative fiction, poetry, memoirs, newspaper articles, and documentary reports, Harriet Murav argues that poets and pogrom investigators were doing more than recording the facts of violence and expressing emotions in response to it. They were interrogating what was taking place through a central concept familiar from their everyday lifeworld-hefker, or abandonment. Hefker shaped the documentation of catastrophe by Jewish investigators at pogrom sites impossibly tasked with producing comprehensive reports of chaos. Hefker also became a framework for Yiddish writers to think through such incomprehensible violence by creating new forms of poetry. Focusing less on the perpetrators and more on the responses to the pogroms, As the Dust of the Earth offers a fuller understanding of the seismic effects of such organized violence and a moving testimony to the resilience of survivors to process and cope with catastrophe"--

Pogroms in literature. --- Violence in literature. --- Atrocities in literature. --- Yiddish poetry --- Pogroms --- Jews --- LITERARY CRITICISM / Jewish --- RELIGION / Judaism / History --- Themes, motives. --- History --- Sources. --- Crimes against --- Psychological aspects. --- Ukraine --- Literature and the revolution. --- Atrocities --- Personal narratives.