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Rédigé en 1659, le Theophrastus redivivus est l'un des ouvrages clandestins les plus étendus (environ mille pages de texte), les plus radicaux (athée et anticonformiste sous tous les angles), et les plus mystérieux de l'âge moderne : depuis presque quatre cent ans l'identité de son auteur est demeurée inconnue. Cette étude ouvre un jour nouveau sur la question en proposant d'attribuer le Theophrastus redivivus au médecin parisien Guy Patin, qui l'aurait rédigé dans le cadre d'un projet conçu en collaboration avec ses amis Gabriel Naudé et Pierre Gassendi. L'attribution se fonde sur un corpus substantiel d'indices textuels, biographiques, bibliographiques, qui s'agencent de façon cohérente avec l'analyse du contenu philosophique de l'ouvrage, comparé aux textes avoués de Patin et de ses compagnons de "débauches philosophiques" . Il en ressort une vision entièrement nouvelle de la libre pensée, et plus généralement de la philosophie, du XVIIe siècle, dont l'analyse doit se fonder désormais sur une catégorie - celle de la dissimulation - qui, seule, permet d'expliquer le contexte de la lutte des idées à l'âge de la "crise de la conscience européenne".

Natural theology --- anno 1600-1699 --- Atheism and literature --- History --- Patin, Guy, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Theophrastus redivivus --- Criticism, Textual. --- 211.4 --- 211 --- 211 Dieu. Etre supreme. Infini: deisme; theisme; atheisme --- 211 God. Opperwezen. Oneindige: deïsme; theïsme; atheïsme --- Dieu. Etre supreme. Infini: deisme; theisme; atheisme --- God. Opperwezen. Oneindige: deïsme; theïsme; atheïsme --- 211.4 Antigodsdienstige stellingen --- Antigodsdienstige stellingen --- Patin, Guy, 1601-1672 --- Athéisme --- Médecins --- Philosophie des sciences --- Religion et médecine. --- Libre pensée --- Patin, Guy --- Naudé, Gabriel --- Gassendi, Pierre --- Critique et interprétation.

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An investigation into the influence of, and reaction to, the atheistic writings of the baron d'Holbach. The Baron d'Holbach, a prominent figure in the French Enlightenment, is best known for his writings against religion. His prolific campaign of atheism and anti-clericalism, waged from the printing presses of Amsterdam in the yearsaround 1770, was so radical that it provoked an unprecedented public response. For the baron's enemies, at least, it suggested the end of an era: proof that the likes of Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were simply a cabal of atheists hell-bent on the destruction of all that was to be cherished about religion and society. The philosophes, past their prime and under fire, recognised the need to respond, but struggled to know which way to turn. France's institutional bodies, lacking unity and fatally distracted, provided no credible lead. Instead, the voice of reason came from an unlikely source - independent Christian apologists, Catholic and Protestant, who attacked the baron on his own terms and, in the process, irrevocably changed the nature of Christian writing. This book examines the reception of the works of the baron d'Holbach throughout francophone Europe. It insists that d'Holbach's historical importance has been understated, argues the case for the existence of a significant "Christian Enlightenment" and raises questions about existing secular models of the francophone public sphere.

Comparative religion --- anno 1700-1799 --- Europe --- Athéisme --- Mouvement des Lumières --- Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich, --- Histoire et critique --- 141.45 --- 211.4 --- Atheïsme --- Antigodsdienstige stellingen --- Atheism --- Atheism and literature --- Enlightenment --- Philosophy, French --- History --- Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- 211.4 Antigodsdienstige stellingen --- 141.45 Atheïsme --- Philosophy --- Agnosticism --- Free thought --- Irreligion --- Religion --- Secularism --- Theism --- Literature and atheism --- Literature --- D'Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, --- Holbach, Paul Henri Thiery, --- Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, --- Thiry, Paul Henri, --- Thiery, Paul Henri, --- Thierry, Paul Henri, --- Dietrich, Paul Henri, --- Thyry, Paul Henri, --- Holbach, Paul Thiry, --- Holbach, --- D'Holbach, --- M. D***, --- D***, --- Ancien magistrat, --- Bernier, --- Olbach, --- Orbach, --- Halbach, --- Holbah, Pol, --- Golʹbakh, Polʹ, --- Holbakh, Pol, --- von Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich --- Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich --- Histoire et critique. --- Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich baron d' --- Baron d'Holbach. --- Catholic. --- Christian apologists. --- Enlightenment rationalism. --- French Enlightenment. --- Jean-Jacques Rousseau. --- Protestant. --- Voltaire. --- anti-clericalism. --- atheistic writings. --- cabal. --- francophone Europe. --- religion. --- religious writing.