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The present volume is the second one in the Space Sciences Series of ISSI (Inter­ national Space Science Institute) and the October 1997 issue of Space Science Reviews. It contains the proceedings of the first workshop in the ISSI study project on "Source and Loss Processes of Magnetospheric Plasma", which was held at ISSI in Bern on October 1-5, 1996. The participants in the project, the project team, numbered at that time 51, of whom 45 participated in the workshop. The main tasks of the first workshop were to provide a basis for the further work by means of presentation and discussion of those 16 review papers which are pub­ lished in this volume and to prepare plans for the work of six working groups in the year up to the second workshop in October 1997. The ISSI study project on "Source and Loss Processes of Magnetospheric Plas­ ma" was selected by ISSI in December 1995 as the first in the solar-terrestrial physics field after consulting a number of groups of senior scientists represent­ ing the international space physics community at large. The undersigned, Bengt Hultqvist, is the project leader. A Core Group, consisting of two co-chairs for each of six working groups and four ex-officio members from the Space Science Com­ mittee of ISSI (H. Balsiger, A. Galeev, G. Haerendel, and D. Southwood), con­ vened at ISSI in March 1996.

Astrophysics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space plasmas --- Plasmasphere --- Magnetosphere --- Upper atmosphere

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Das Essential beschreibt, ausgehend von ihren Zustandsgrößen, die unterschiedlichen Endphasen der Sterne. Hierbei legt der Autor besonderes Augenmerk auf die Zukunft unserer Sonne. Eine Diskussion der Weißen Zwerge und Neutronensterne sowie eine grundlegende Erläuterung der physikalischen Vorgänge, die zu einer Supernova führen, schließen sich diesen Ausführungen an. Ferner wird eine Klassifikation und Beschreibung der unterschiedlichen Arten von Supernovae präsentiert. Ein Blick auf die ersten Sterne in unserem frühen Universum rundet dieses Essential ab. Der Inhalt Kernphysikalische Prozesse im Sterninneren nach dem Wasserstoffbrennen Entwicklungswege der Sterne nach der Hauptreihe Supernovae, Weiße Zwerge und Neutronensterne Die ersten Sterne Die Zielgruppen Studierende und Dozierende der Physik und der Astronomie Schüler, Lehrer und alle, die sich für Astronomie begeistern Der Autor Dr. Matthias Heyssler studierte Physik und Astronomie an der Universität Heidelberg und promovierte anschließend an der Universität Durham (England) in theoretischer Physik. Neben seiner Tätigkeit als Softwareentwickler liegt sein Schwerpunkt in der freiberuflichen Vermittlung von Wissen im Bereich naturwissenschaftlicher Themen.

Astrophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics).

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This book presents timely work on the nature of the physical processes underpinning two of the basic characteristics of the gas structure in the innermost region of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): ionized outflows and emission line regions. In addition, it describes physics-based methods for estimating the density of the astrophysical plasma surrounding AGN. All numerical computations of the photoionized gas employ the most advanced codes available (CLOUDY and TITAN). Calculations of the radiative transfer are based on the assumption of thermal and ionization equilibrium. Promising preliminary examples of comparison with current observations are included for several individual AGN. All of them suggest that the absorbing/emitting gas should have a density on the order of 1012 cm-3. Future observations will provide more objects to verify these results, and will allow us to put constraints on the launch radius of ionized outflows and therefore on the mass loading and kinetic energy outflow rates. These rates, in turn, are crucial to estimating whether the outflows have a significant feedback impact on star formation and metal enrichment in the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. In closing, the book discusses a representative example of applying powerful photoionization techniques to explain the complex physics of the AGN environment. .

Active galactic nuclei. --- Photoionization of gases --- Computer simulation. --- Astrophysics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics

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Peter Ulmschneider zeichnet anhand von 10 Entwicklungsstufen den Weg von der Entstehung des Universums bis zum modernen Menschen. Unser Universum ist im Urknall als ein mit Materie gefüllter, sich unaufhörlich ausdehnender Raum entstanden, in dem die Naturgesetze immer komplexere Strukturen schufen: chemische Elemente, Sterne, Galaxien, Planeten, und schließlich den Menschen mit seinem Gehirn als Sitz der Intelligenz. Diese Entwicklung dürfte sich weiter fortsetzen und nach ihrem Zenit wieder mit dem Zerfall aller Strukturen enden, um einem stetig dünner werdenden, nur noch von Photonen und Neutrinos bevölkerten Weltall Platz zu machen. Am Ende des Universums steht der Kältetod - ein von den physikalischen Gesetzen vorhergesagter Zustand maximaler Entropie -, der ein auf ewige Zeiten festgefrorenes kosmisches Archiv schafft, das die individuelle Geschichte unseres Universums bewahrt. Peter Ulmschneider ist Professor am Institut für theoretische Astrophysik der Universität Heidelberg und Autor des Springer-Buchs Intelligent-Life in the Universe.

Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Anthropology. --- Organic chemistry. --- Popular Science in Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Organic Chemistry.

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This classic text, aimed at senior undergraduates and beginning graduate students in physics and astronomy, presents a wide range of astrophysical concepts in sufficient depth to give the reader a quantitative understanding of the subject. Emphasizing physical concepts, the book outlines cosmic events but does not portray them in detail: it provides a series of astrophysical sketches. For this fourth edition, nearly every part of the text has been reconsidered and rewritten, new sections have been added to cover recent developments, and others have been extensively revised and brought up to date. The book begins with an outline of the scope of modern astrophysics and enumerates some of the outstanding problems faced in the field today. The basic physics needed to tackle these questions are developed in the next few chapters using specific astronomical processes as examples. The second half of the book enlarges on these topics and shows how we can obtain quantitative insight into the structure and evolution of stars, the dynamics of cosmic gases, the large-scale behavior of the Universe, and the origins of life. A major aim of Astrophysical Concepts, 4E is to help the reader gain physical insight. While mathematics provides an essential basis for any quantitative treatment of astrophysics, the book consistently emphasizes the physical meaning of equations and mathematical terms. With this approach, individual astronomical objects (white dwarfs, supernovae, comets, quasars) are mentioned wherever physical processes relevant to them are discussed, rather than in specifically dedicated sections. To balance this approach, an appendix presents a coherent outline of astronomy for students unfamiliar with astronomical terminology, and a comprehensive index provides the means for selectively concentrating on specific phenomena of interest. The extensive bibliography refers interested readers to additional sources that treat individual topics in greater detail.

Astrophysics. --- Astrofysica. --- Astrofísica. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical