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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Neurosciences --- neurodegenerative disease --- molecular biology --- stroke --- middle cerebral artery and common carotid artery occlusion --- cerebrovascular disease --- therapeutics

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Five min bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) in gerbils results in selective degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus, striatum and cortex, and an increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. These phenomena were examined to determine if an association could be made between the site or degree of neuronal degeneration and the increase in locomotor activity. The distance traveled by the BCO gerbils in a novel cage 1, 4, and 28 days after a 5 min occlusion was significantly greater than control. The extensive pyramidal cell damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in BCO gerbils was associated with the significant increase in locomotor activity. The increase in locomotor activity did not correlate with either the striatal or cortical damage present. The increase in gerbil locomotor activity following a 5 min BCO can be used as a predictor of CA1 damage, but not as a predictor of striatal or cortical damage

Activity. --- Artery occlusion. --- Aspartate. --- Association. --- Ca1. --- Cage. --- Cerebral ischemia. --- Cerebral-ischemia. --- Control. --- Cortex. --- Damage. --- Death. --- Degeneration. --- Delayed neuronal death. --- Distance. --- Forebrain ischemia. --- Gerbil. --- Gerbils. --- Hippocampus. --- Increase. --- Intracerebral microdialysis. --- Ireland. --- Ischemia. --- Locomotor activity. --- Locomotor-activity. --- Model. --- Mongolian gerbils. --- Neuronal damage. --- Neuronal degeneration. --- Neuronal. --- Neurons. --- Selective vulnerability. --- Striatum. --- Time. --- Transient forebrain ischemia.

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This edited book contains twelve studies, large and pilots, in five main categories: (i) adaptive imputation to increase the density of clinical data for improving downstream modeling; (ii) machine-learning-empowered diagnosis models; (iii) machine learning models for outcome prediction; (iv) innovative use of AI to improve our understanding of the public view; and (v) understanding of the attitude of providers in trusting insights from AI for complex cases. This collection is an excellent example of how technology can add value in healthcare settings and hints at some of the pressing challenges in the field. Artificial intelligence is gradually becoming a go-to technology in clinical care; therefore, it is important to work collaboratively and to shift from performance-driven outcomes to risk-sensitive model optimization, improved transparency, and better patient representation, to ensure more equitable healthcare for all.

Medicine --- machine learning-enabled decision support system --- improving diagnosis accuracy --- Bayesian network --- bariatric surgery --- health-related quality of life --- comorbidity --- voice change --- larynx cancer --- machine learning --- deep learning --- voice pathology classification --- imputation --- electronic health records --- EHR --- laboratory measures --- medical informatics --- inflammatory bowel disease --- C. difficile infection --- osteoarthritis --- complex diseases --- healthcare --- artificial intelligence --- interpretable machine learning --- explainable machine learning --- septic shock --- clinical decision support system --- electronic health record --- cerebrovascular disorders --- stroke --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- cluster analysis --- risk factors --- ischemic stroke --- outcome prediction --- recurrent stroke --- cardiac ultrasound --- echocardiography --- portable ultrasound --- aneurysm surgery --- temporary artery occlusion --- clipping time --- artificial neural network --- digital imaging --- monocytes --- promonocytes and monoblasts --- chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia --- concordance between hematopathologists --- mechanical ventilation --- respiratory failure --- ADHD --- social media --- Twitter --- pharmacotherapy --- stimulants --- alpha-2-adrenergic agonists --- non-stimulants --- trust --- passive adherence --- human factors

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This edited book contains twelve studies, large and pilots, in five main categories: (i) adaptive imputation to increase the density of clinical data for improving downstream modeling; (ii) machine-learning-empowered diagnosis models; (iii) machine learning models for outcome prediction; (iv) innovative use of AI to improve our understanding of the public view; and (v) understanding of the attitude of providers in trusting insights from AI for complex cases. This collection is an excellent example of how technology can add value in healthcare settings and hints at some of the pressing challenges in the field. Artificial intelligence is gradually becoming a go-to technology in clinical care; therefore, it is important to work collaboratively and to shift from performance-driven outcomes to risk-sensitive model optimization, improved transparency, and better patient representation, to ensure more equitable healthcare for all.

machine learning-enabled decision support system --- improving diagnosis accuracy --- Bayesian network --- bariatric surgery --- health-related quality of life --- comorbidity --- voice change --- larynx cancer --- machine learning --- deep learning --- voice pathology classification --- imputation --- electronic health records --- EHR --- laboratory measures --- medical informatics --- inflammatory bowel disease --- C. difficile infection --- osteoarthritis --- complex diseases --- healthcare --- artificial intelligence --- interpretable machine learning --- explainable machine learning --- septic shock --- clinical decision support system --- electronic health record --- cerebrovascular disorders --- stroke --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- cluster analysis --- risk factors --- ischemic stroke --- outcome prediction --- recurrent stroke --- cardiac ultrasound --- echocardiography --- portable ultrasound --- aneurysm surgery --- temporary artery occlusion --- clipping time --- artificial neural network --- digital imaging --- monocytes --- promonocytes and monoblasts --- chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia --- concordance between hematopathologists --- mechanical ventilation --- respiratory failure --- ADHD --- social media --- Twitter --- pharmacotherapy --- stimulants --- alpha-2-adrenergic agonists --- non-stimulants --- trust --- passive adherence --- human factors

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In the past several years, the otorhinolaryngology sector has had a significantimpact on social life. About 10% of the cancers that affect the populationannually concern the head and neck, and each year the guidelines evolve andchange.Emergencies of the otolaryngology sector are among the most common, withnumerous increases in hospitalizations in the ENT department (e.g., bleeding,abscesses, and dyspnoea). Interventions in the election can significantly improvepatients' quality of life and help avoid future complications.Given the importance of the medical and surgical branch of otorhinolaryngology,we want to underline the impact in social life of this important area.

Medicine --- anemia --- hearing loss --- auditory threshold shifts --- pure tone average --- pneumoparotid --- pneumoparotitis --- parotitis --- Stensen’s duct --- head and neck --- endomeatal approach --- cochlear implant --- posterior tympanotomy --- tinnitus --- without mastoidectomy --- quality of life assessment --- tracheoesophageal speech --- tracheo-esophageal puncture --- OSA --- pharyngoplasty --- sleep surgery --- pharynx --- dextromethorphan --- noise --- cochlea --- synapse --- eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) --- chronic nasal obstruction --- turbinate hypertrophy --- ETDQ-7 --- susac syndrome --- multimodal imaging --- optical coherence tomography angiography --- retinal branch artery occlusion --- fluorescein angiography --- otitis media with effusion --- child --- biofilms --- ameloblastoma --- ameloblastic carcinoma --- nestin --- CD138 --- syndecan-1 --- alpha-SMA --- stemness markers --- total thyroidectomy --- recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis --- Voice Handicap Index --- speech range profile --- acute acoustic trauma --- noise induced hearing loss --- hyperbaric oxygen therapy --- Ménière’s disease --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- risk factors --- case–control studies --- cohort studies