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"Artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) are seen as an important tool in the global effort to roll back malaria. With rapidly increasing parasite resistance to chloroquine in many parts of the world, there is greater international recognition of the need for both a different antimalarial and a coordinated malaria treatment strategy to ensure that resistance does not needlessly cut short the useful therapeutic life of any successor drug to chloroquine. The effectiveness of antimalarial drugs is a global public good, of particular value in malarious regions that also are among the most economically impoverished parts of the world. Inappropriate drug use in neighboring countries reduces the incentive of any given country to deploy drug regimens that may be rapidly undermined by resistance originating outside their borders. Therefore, a case can be made for globally coordinated action to protect the effectiveness of these valuable drugs. Translating this case to one for a global subsidy is not straightforward. On the one hand, in the absence of such a subsidy to ensure that ACTs are comparably priced to monotherapies, increasing monotherapy of artemisinin and other antimalarials that would be used along with artemisinin in ACT will hasten the demise of this drug. On the other hand, a global subsidy would greatly increase the use and potential misuse of ACTs and could result in resistance emerging at a more rapid rate. This study finds that a subsidy to ACTs is likely to slow the rate of emergence of resistance to artemisinin and partner drugs, even if such a subsidy were to increase the use of ACTs significantly. This conclusion is robust to alternative assumptions regarding the responsiveness of demand to the lower price for ACTs and a wide range of epidemiological and economic parameters. However, the simulation results show that a subsidy for two or more ACT combinations is likely to be much more cost-effective than a subsidy to a single ACT. The only consideration is that the drugs used as partners to artemisinin be unrelated to each other and to artemisinin in mechanism of action and in genetic bases of resistance, so that a single mutation cannot encode resistance to both components. Such a subsidy program for ACTs, administered globally, that reduces reliance on any single combination, and discourages monotherapy, not only of artemisinin but of any effective antimalarial that could potentially be used as partner drug with artemisinin, is likely to be effective (and cost-effective) both in buying time for ACTs and in saving lives "--World Bank web site.

Artemisinin --- Artemisinin. --- Malaria --- Economic aspects. --- Treatment.

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Ce livre retrace l’histoire passionnante des travaux précurseurs qui ont mené à la découverte de l’artémisinine, également connue sous le nom de Qing Hao Su (青蒿素) et de ses dérivés semi-synthétiques qui possèdent l’action la plus rapide de tous les médicaments actuels contre la malaria. Cet ouvrage présente le processus de modernisation et d’internationalisation d’un traitement utilisé en médecine traditionnelle chinoise depuis plus de 1600 ans et qui contient un grand nombre de documents non publiés ou accessibles uniquement aux personnes parlant le mandarin. Le livre : – recense la structure chimique, les propriétés chimiques, le mode d’extraction, les dérivés, la réaction chromogénique, la pharmacologie générale, la toxicologie, etc. de l’Artemisia ; – inclut des données expérimentales - y compris les résultats de la cristallographie aux rayons X - pour déterminer la configuration moléculaire en utilisant les effets de diffusion des atomes d’oxygène par diffraction des rayons X ; – présente les progrès récents de la dihydroartémisinine et de la nouvelle génération d’antipaludiques, ainsi que les progrès des tests d’efficacité de l’artémisinine et de ses dérivés contre le cancer et diverses autres infections et maladies.

Artemisinin. --- Antimalarials --- Peroxides --- Sesquiterpenes

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Artemisia annua --- artemisinin --- semi-synthetics --- molecular breeding --- malaria

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From Artemisia annua L. to Artemisinins: The Discovery and Development of Artemisinins and Antimalarial Agents is the first book that systematically introduces the origin and development of artemisinine and artemisinine-based drugs. It includes four distinct sections, including Artemisia annua L., Artemisinin, Dihydroartemisinin, and other artemisinin derivatives. Tu Youyou, the chief inventor of artemisinin, together with other members from the research team, have written a book that will be a valuable reference work for both researchers involved in the medical industry and scholars who are interested in undertaking innovative research.--

Artemisinin. --- Antimalarials. --- Antimalarial agents --- Antiprotozoal agents --- Malaria --- Antimalarials --- Peroxides --- Sesquiterpenes --- Chemotherapy

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Botany & plant sciences --- Artemisia annua --- artemisinin --- semi-synthetics --- molecular breeding --- malaria