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Architecture, European

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Typically one third of the energy used in many buildings may be consumed by electric lighting. Good daylighting design can reduce electricity consumption for lighting and improve standards of visual comfort, health and amenity for the occupants.As the only comprehensive text on the subject written in the last decade, the book will be welcomed by all architects and building services engineers interested in good daylighting design. The book is based on the work of 25 experts from all parts of Europe who have collected, evaluated and developed the material under the auspices of the European Commission's Solar Energy and Energy Conservation R&D Programmes.

Daylighting --- Daylighting. --- Architecture, European.

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Architektur. --- Architecture, European. --- Architectural firms --- JSWD Architekten GmbH & Co. KG. --- JSWD Architekten.

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This book focuses on the architecture of embassies and their function as sceneries and instruments of diplomacy. It aims to discover and explain changing patterns of representation in relation to the development of the international system from 1800 to 1920. In the 19th century, the great powers entered into a competition for prestige, seeking distinction by eminent buildings, prominent architects and central placements, reconsidering the meanings and functions of diplomatic buildings. Architects, diplomats, governments and public opinion developed disparate ideas of architectural expression and functional requirements, representing controversial views about foreign politics and national identity. Being gradually transformed from exclusive aristocratic venues to semi-public spaces, the architectural modifications at embassy buildings reflect the changing tasks, practices and social background of diplomacy. Analysing these developments by comparing the embassy architecture of France, Great Britain and Germany over the course of a century, this study contributes to a cultural history of diplomacy with regard to the politics of representation and the transformation of the international system.

Embassy buildings --- Diplomacy --- Architecture, European --- Symbolism in architecture --- Botschaften --- Kulturgeschichte --- Politikgeschichte

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The concepts of purity and contamination preoccupied early modern Europeans fundamentally, structuring virtually every aspect of their lives, not least how they created and experienced works of art and the built environment. In an era that saw a great number of objects and people in motion, the meteoric rise of new artistic and building technologies, and religious upheaval exert new pressures on art and its institutions, anxieties about the pure and the contaminated - distinctions between the clean and unclean, sameness and difference, self and other, organization and its absence - took on heightened importance. In this series of geographically and methodologically wide-ranging essays, thirteen leading historians of art and architecture grapple with the complex ways that early modern actors negotiated these concerns, covering topics as diverse as Michelangelo's unfinished sculptures, Venetian plague hospitals, Spanish-Muslim tapestries, and emergency currency. The resulting volume offers surprising new insights into the period and into the modern disciplinary routines of art and architectural history.

Art, European. --- Art, Renaissance. --- Architecture, European. --- Architecture, Renaissance. --- Purity (Philosophy) --- Contamination (Psychology)