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Aquatic fungi

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The available literature on freshwater fungi is limited. Over the subsequent years a considerable volume of scientific papers have appeared scattered throughout numerous journals. There is therefore no recent synthesis of the subject and this is the objective of the proposed book. Freshwater habitats are rich in fungi with some 3,000 described species, most of papers focusing on their identification, substrata they grow on and world distribution. However, these fungi play an important role in the freshwater ecosystem, and are primarily involved in the breakdown of leaf litter contributing food for detritus feeders. Our book will bring together a wide range of acclaimed mycologists to review recent developments on the biology and ecology of freshwater fungi, particularly their molecular phylogeny, biodiversity, causative diseases of freshwater amphibians, fishes and invertebrate animals, decomposition of leaf litter, stream pollution and their potential role in bioremediation.

Freshwater fungi. --- Aquatic fungi --- Freshwater organisms --- Botany. --- Microbiology. --- Mycology.

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Marine fungi play a major role in marine and mangrove ecosystems. Understanding how higher fungi with their spectrum of cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes degrade wood tissue, while labyrinthuloids and thraustochytrids further contribute to the dissolved organic matter entering the open ocean is essential to marine ecology. This work provides an overview of marine fungi including morphology and ultrastructure, phylogeny, biogeography and biodiversity. Increasingly, biotechnology is also turning to these organisms to develop new bioactive compounds and to address problems such as decomposition of materials in the ocean and bioremediation of oil spills. These potential applications of marine fungi are also treated. In the light of massive marine oil spills in the past years, the importance of understanding marine fungi and their role in the food chain cannot be underestimated.

Marine fungi. --- Thalassiomycetes --- Aquatic fungi --- Marine organisms --- Botany. --- Marine Science. --- Microbiology. --- Mycology.

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This book offers an ecosystem-oriented overview of the diversity, ecological role, and biotechnological applications of marine fungi as well as an in-depth introduction to the marine environment, fungal classification, and ecological principles. It also presents the latest research findings on coastal marine and oceanic ecosystems, such as mangrove, seagrass, salt marsh, algal, coral reef and benthic ecosystems. Focusing on the diversity of fungi as well as their role as symbionts, parasites and saprotrophs, the book also discusses the physiology and biotechnological applications of fungi and highlights topics of future interest. Intended for students and researchers in marine biology and microbiology, it includes detailed descriptions, illustrations, figures, tables, and exhaustive literature citations. A detailed chapter on methods used to study marine fungi, their classification and ecological principles is of particular interest to newcomers in the field.

Medicine. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Mycology. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Marine fungi. --- Thalassiomycetes --- Aquatic fungi --- Marine organisms --- Entomology. --- Aquatic biology. --- Marine Sciences. --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Biology --- Insects --- Zoology --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Aquatic ecology . --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Botany --- Fungi --- Microbiology --- Fungal biology --- Fungology --- Fungus biology

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The oomycete genus Phytophthora represents one of the most notorious groups of tree pathogens in natural and semi-natural forest ecosystems. Since the discovery in the 1960s of the invasive P. cinnamomi, threatening some of the world’s richest plant communities in Australia, numerous Phytophthora diseases have been reported on forest trees worldwide, which were previously unknown to science. The most notable examples include the oak and beech declines triggered by different Phytophthora spp. in Europe and North America, the findings of sudden oak death and sudden larch death caused by P. ramorum in the Western USA and the U.K., respectively, and the association of P. austrocedri with mal del ciprés in Argentina and juniper decline in the U.K. All these epidemic events are driven by exotic invasive Phytophthora species, introduced through infested nursery plants from their native overseas environments. In recent years, many independent surveys have studied the diversity of Phytophthora species and the diseases they are causing across a diverse range of forests and other natural ecosystems. This Special Issue presents papers on Phytophthora surveys performed in different biogeographic regions and addresses the pathways, and ecological and economic impacts of these invasive forest pathogens.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- soilborne pathogens --- pathways --- Populus --- Phytophthora plurivora --- Phytophthora pini --- pathogenicity tests --- biomass allocation --- dehesas --- drought --- montados --- oak decline --- plant traits --- root rot --- invasive species --- natural ecosystems --- streams --- vegetation type --- baiting --- ITS region --- leaf decay --- oomycetes --- aquatic fungi --- trophic specialization --- saprotroph --- pathogen --- parasite --- Phytophthora --- diversity --- wild apple forest --- decline --- forest disease monitoring --- holm oak decline --- biosecurity --- breeding systems --- hybridization --- Phytophthora cinnamomi --- biogeography --- center of origin --- GLMM --- tree mortality --- root rot. --- plantation --- open forests --- Phytophthora ×cambivora --- bark canker --- ectomycorrhiza --- cork oak