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Presidents --- Sadat, Anwar, --- Anwar al-Sādāt, --- Sadate, Anwar, --- El Sadat, Anwar, --- Anwar el-Sadate, --- Anwar El Sadat, --- Anwar Sadat, --- Muḥammad Anwar al-Sādāt, --- Sādāt, Muḥammad Anwar, --- Sadat, Anṿar, --- סאדאת, אנוור --- סאדאת, אנור --- السادات، انور --- انور السادات --- سادات، أنور --- سادات، أنور، --- ساداتو أنور --- سدات، انور

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"Assessment of Anwar Sadat and the 1973 War, as well as the event's global implications"-- "In eleven dramatic years, Anwar Sadat changed history--not just that of Egypt, or of the Middle East, but of the entire world. As the architect of the 1973 war against Israel, he gained the support of other Arab nations and inspired the oil embargo that transformed the global economy. Following the war, however, he forever ended Arab aspirations of unity by making peace with Israel. Early in his presidency, Sadat jettisoned Egypt's alliance with the Soviet Union and turned to the United States, thereby giving the West a crucial Cold War victory. Sadat's historic tenure still resonates in the twenty-first century as the Islamic activists--whom he originally encouraged but who opposed his conciliatory policy toward Israel and ultimately played a role in his assassination--continue to foster activism, including the Muslim Brotherhood, today.Thomas W. Lippman was stationed in the Middle East as a journalist during Sadat's presidency and lived in Egypt in the aftermath of the October War. He knew Sadat personally, but only now, after the passage of time and the long-delayed release of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic files, can Lippman assess the full consequences of Sadat's presidency. Hero of the Crossing provides an eye-opening account of the profound reverberations of one leader's political, cultural, and economic maneuverings and legacy"--

HISTORY / Military / Other. --- HISTORY / Middle East / Israel. --- HISTORY / Middle East / Egypt (see also Ancient / Egypt). --- Israel-Arab War, 1973. --- Presidents --- Arab-Israel War, 1973 --- October Middle East War, 1973 --- Yom Kippur War, 1973 --- Arab-Israeli conflict --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- Executive power --- Sadat, Anwar, --- Egypt --- Politics and government --- Anwar al-Sādāt, --- Sadate, Anwar, --- El Sadat, Anwar, --- Anwar el-Sadate, --- Anwar El Sadat, --- Anwar Sadat, --- Muḥammad Anwar al-Sādāt, --- Sādāt, Muḥammad Anwar, --- Sadat, Anṿar, --- סאדאת, אנוור --- סאדאת, אנור --- السادات، انور --- انور السادات --- سادات، أنور --- سادات، أنور، --- ساداتو أنور --- سدات، انور

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How the conflict between political Islamists and secular-leaning nationalists has shaped the history of the modern Middle EastIn 2013, just two years after the popular overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian military ousted the country's first democratically elected president-Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood-and subsequently led a brutal repression of the Islamist group. These bloody events echoed an older political rift in Egypt and the Middle East: the splitting of nationalists and Islamists during the rule of Egyptian president and Arab nationalist leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In Making the Arab World, Fawaz Gerges, one of the world's leading authorities on the Middle East, tells how the clash between pan-Arab nationalism and pan-Islamism has shaped the history of the region from the 1920s to the present.Gerges tells this story through an unprecedented dual biography of Nasser and another of the twentieth-century Arab world's most influential figures-Sayyid Qutb, a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood and the father of many branches of radical political Islam. Their deeply intertwined lives embody and dramatize the divide between Arabism and Islamism. Yet, as Gerges shows, beyond the ideological and existential rhetoric, this is a struggle over the state, its role, and its power.Based on a decade of research, including in-depth interviews with many leading figures in the story, Making the Arab World is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the roots of the turmoil engulfing the Middle East, from civil wars to the rise of Al-Qaeda and ISIS.

Arab nationalism --- Islamic fundamentalism --- HISTORY / Middle East / General. --- Middle East --- history --- political Islam --- religious fundamentalism --- Arab world --- Arabs --- Nationalism --- Politics and government --- Nasser, Gamal Abdel, --- Quṭb, Sayyid, --- ʻAbd-an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- Quṭb, Saiyid --- Muslimbruderschaft --- Since 1945 --- Egypt --- Egypt. --- Middle East. --- Ägypten --- Arabische Staaten --- Arab world. --- Quṭb, Saijid --- Qutb, Sajjed --- Qutb, Sayed --- Qutb, Sayyed --- Quṭb, Sayyid --- Qutb, Sayyid --- Qutb, Seyyid --- Qutb, Syed --- Quthub, Sayyid --- Qutub, Säyyid <<Šehit>> --- Qutup, Säyyid <<Šähid>> --- Qutup, Säyyid --- Qudub, Sayid --- Qotb, Sayed --- Ibn-Ibrāhīm, Saiyid Ibn-Quṭb --- Ibrāhīm, Saiyid Quṭb --- Kotb, Sayed --- Kutub, Seyyid --- Sāḏilī, Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn --- Šähid Säyyid Qutup --- Saiyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm --- Saijid Quṭb --- Sayed Kotb --- Sayid Qudub --- Sayyid Quṭb --- Šehit Säyyid Qutub --- Seyyid Kutub --- قۇتۇب, سەييىد <<شېھىت>> --- قۇتۇپ, سەييىد <<شەھىد>> --- شەھىد سەييىد قۇتۇپ --- Journalist --- Quṭb, Muḥammad --- 1906-1966 --- 10.09.1906-29.08.1966 --- Abd An-Nasir, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nasir, Gamal --- Abdul Nasser, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nāṣir, Jamāl --- Abd-el-Nasser, Gamal --- Nāṣir, Ğamāl ʿAbd- <> --- Nasir, Gamal Abdul --- Nasser, Gamal Abdel --- Nasser, Gamal Abdul --- Nasser, Gamal A. --- Naser, Gamal Abdel --- Nasser, Gamal Abd- <> --- Nasser, Gamal Abd-al --- Gamal Abdel Nasser --- Gamal Abd El-Nasser --- Ǧamal ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir --- Abdel Nasser, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- ʿAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl --- Ǧamāl ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir Ḥusain --- Ǧamāl ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir Ibn-Ḥusain --- ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- Abd an-Nasir, Dschamal --- جمال, ,بد الناصر --- 阿卜杜勒∙納賽尔, 加麥尔 --- 阿卜杜勒∙纳赛尔, 加麦尔 --- 加麦尔∙阿卜杜勒∙纳赛尔 --- 纳赛尔 --- Politiker --- Offizier --- Alexandria --- Kairo --- Marwān, Ašraf --- 1918-1970 --- Kotb, Sayed, --- Kutb, Sayyid, --- Kutub, Seyyid, --- Mohammad Qutb, --- Muḥammad Qut̤b, --- Qotb, Sayed, --- Qotb, Seyyed, --- Qotob, Sayyed, --- Qudub, Sayid, --- Qutb, Mohammad, --- Qut̤b, Muḥammad, --- Quṭb, Saiyid, --- Qutb, Sayed, --- Qutb, Sayyed, --- Qutb, Syed, --- Qutub, Said, --- Qutub, Săyyid, --- Qutup, Săyyid, --- Sayid Qudub, --- Sayyed Qotob, --- Sayyid Quṭb, --- Shādhilī, Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn, --- ʻAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl, --- Abdel Nasser, Gamal, --- Abdolnaser, Jamal, --- Abdul Nasser, Gamal, --- Jamal Abdolnaser, --- Naser, G. A., --- Naser, Gamalʹ Abdelʹ, --- Nasir, Gamal Abdul, --- Quṭb, Sayyid --- سيد قطب --- قطب، سيد --- قطب، سيد، --- עבד אל־נאצר, ג׳מאל --- اصر، جمال عبد ال --- جمال عبد الناصر --- جمال عبد الناصر، --- عبد الناصر، جمال --- عبد الناصر، جمال، --- عبد الناصر، جنال --- عبد ناصر، جمال --- عبدالناصر، جمال --- عبدالناصر، جمال، --- ماصر، جمال عبدال --- ناصر، جمال --- ناصر، جمال عبد --- ناصر، جمال عبد ، --- ناصر، جمال عبد ال --- ناصر، جمال عبد ال، --- ناصر، جمال عبد، --- ناصر، جمال عبدال --- ناصر، جمال. --- ناصر، جمل عبدال --- نسر، گمل ابدل --- نصر.جمال عبدال --- <> Iḫwān al-muslimūn --- <> Iḫwān al-muslimīn --- al-Iḫwān al-muslimūn --- al-Iḫwān al-muslimīn --- Iḫwān muslimūn --- Iḫwān muslimīn --- Moslem Brotherhood --- Muslim Brotherhood --- Frères Musulmans --- Muslim Brothers --- Moslem Brothers --- Muslimbrüder --- Moslembrüder --- Moslembruderschaft --- Jamʿīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn --- Gemeinschaft der Muslimbrüder --- Jamâ'at al-Ikhwân al-Muslimîn --- Society of Muslim Brotherhood --- MB --- Moslem-Bruderschaft --- Muslim-Bruderschaft --- Ikhwan al-Muslimin --- Ikhwan al-Muslimun --- إخوان مسلمون --- الإخوان المسلمون --- <<ال>> إخوان المسلمين --- الإخوان المسلمين --- إخوان مسلمين --- 1928 --- -Since 1945 --- Arabische Länder --- Arabisches Sprachgebiet --- Araber --- Islamische Staaten --- Miṣr --- Chibet --- Ghubt --- Ghibt --- Arabische Republik Ägypten --- Dschumhūriyyat Misr al-ʿarabiyya --- República Árabe de Egipto --- Ŷumhūriyyat Miṣr Al-ʿArabiyyah --- Arab Republic of Egypt --- Ǧumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah --- Arabiese Republiek Egipte --- République arabe d'Égypte --- Jumhuriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah --- Repubblica Araba d'Egitto --- Egyiptomi Arab Köztársaság --- Mısır Arap Cumhuriyeti --- Ǧumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʿArabīya --- ARE --- Egypte --- <> Mamlaka al-Miṣrīya --- <> Daula al-Miṣrīya --- Mısır --- Egapt --- République d'Egypte --- Republic of Egypt --- Egitto --- Kingdom of Egypt --- Republica Arabe de Egipto --- Maṣr --- Ägypter --- Vereinigte Arabische Republik --- <> Iqlīm al-Ǧanūbī --- Ägypten --- -XX.01.1958 --- 1971 --- -Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- A.R.E. --- Ancient Egypt --- Egipat --- Egipet --- Egipt --- Egiptos --- Égypte --- Egypten --- Egypti --- Ejiputo --- Gouvernement royal égyptien --- Ijiptʻ --- Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah --- Khēmi --- Maṣr --- Miṣr --- Misri --- Mitsrayim --- United Arab Republic --- 1948 Palestine war. --- Activism. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Al-Tanzim. --- Ancien Régime. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Anwar Sadat. --- Apostasy. --- Arab Spring. --- Arab nationalism. --- Arab socialism. --- Arabs. --- Assassination. --- Authoritarianism. --- Backwardness. --- British Empire. --- Caliphate. --- Capitalism. --- Colonialism. --- Communism. --- Comrade. --- Constitutionalism. --- Copts. --- Criticism. --- Decolonization. --- Dictatorship. --- Dissident. --- Economic liberalization. --- Egyptian Government. --- Egyptians. --- Farid. --- Free Officers Movement (Egypt). --- Gamal Abdel Nasser. --- Governance. --- Habib. --- Hassan al-Banna. --- Hassan al-Hudaybi. --- Hegemony. --- Hosni Mubarak. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Institution. --- Islam. --- Islamic Group (Lebanon). --- Islamism. --- Jahiliyyah. --- Jihadism. --- Khaled Mohieddin. --- Left-wing politics. --- Manifesto. --- Martyr. --- Marxism. --- Militarization. --- Military occupation. --- Modernity. --- Mohamed Morsi. --- Muhammad. --- Muslim Brotherhood. --- Muslim world. --- Nasserism. --- Nationalist Movement. --- Nationalization. --- Palestinians. --- Pan-Arabism. --- Pan-Islamism. --- Persecution. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political system. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Public sphere. --- Quran. --- Qutb. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Radicalization. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Salafi movement. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Sayyid Qutb. --- Sayyid. --- Secularism. --- Security forces. --- Sharia. --- Social movement. --- Sovereignty. --- Supreme Leader of Iran. --- Taha Hussein. --- Tanzim. --- Territorial nationalism. --- Terrorism. --- The Establishment. --- The Islamist. --- The Other Hand. --- Theocracy. --- Wafd Party. --- War. --- Westernization. --- Writing. --- Zionism. --- Islam and state