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Chirality --- Enantiomers --- Enantoimers --- Chiralité --- Biotechnology --- Separation --- Chirality. --- Separation. --- Biotechnology. --- 544.122.3 --- Antipodes, Optical --- Enantiomorphs --- Isomers, Mirror-image --- Mirror-image isomers --- Optical antipodes --- Optical isomers --- Stereochemistry --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Amino acids --- industry --- Séparation --- Separating --- Production --- Chemical synthesis --- epoxy compounds --- Aminotransferases --- Aspartame --- Phospholipids --- Biocatalysts --- Chiralité --- Separating. --- Enantiomers - Separation. --- Enantiomers - Biotechnology. --- Enantiomers - Separation --- Enantiomers - Biotechnology --- Materiau optiquement pur --- Chiralite --- Captopril --- Beta-lactame --- Mentho --- Enantiomere

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Chemical tests and reagents. --- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. --- Chirality. --- Chimie --- Spectroscopie de la résonance magnétique nucléaire --- Chiralité --- Essais et réactifs --- Enantiomers --- 544.176 --- 544.122.3 --- Derivatization. --- Chemical reactions --- Stereochemistry --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Antipodes, Optical --- Enantiomorphs --- Isomers, Mirror-image --- Mirror-image isomers --- Optical antipodes --- Optical isomers --- Chirality --- NMR spectroscopy --- Spectroscopy, NMR --- Spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Knight shift --- Chemical reagents --- Reagents, Chemical --- Indicators and test-papers --- Derivatives. --- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectra --- Spectroscopie de la résonance magnétique nucléaire --- Chiralité --- Essais et réactifs --- Chemical tests and reagents --- Derivatization --- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- Derivatives

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This thesis mainly describes the development of a screening process for a mirror-image library of chiral natural products. It demonstrates how, by using mirror-image proteins for the screening of available natural products, unavailable mirror-image isomers of natural products can be screened in a mirror process. Moreover, as mirror-image isomers including target proteins and natural products are mainly prepared by means of chemical synthesis, the screening strategy presented here suggests the importance of organic chemistry. Natural products are commonly used as valuable resources for drug discovery. However, as they are mostly produced as single enantiomeric forms, researchers have tested only natural products bearing one stereochemistry available in nature. As natural products and their enantiomers have identical physicochemical properties and different biological activities, mirror-image isomers of natural products are promising candidates for novel medicinal resources. In an effort to identify anticancer agents from the mirror-image library, chemical protein syntheses of some target oncoproteins, MDM2, MDMX and Grb2, and their applications to the chemical array screening process were achieved. In the course of this process the NP843 enantiomer, which is the enantiomer of an α-tocopherol derivative, was successfully identified as a novel MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitor. These results clearly show that a mirror-image library of chiral natural products represents an invaluable medicinal resource. Accordingly, the chemistry-based screening strategy described in this thesis will be of great interest to a broad range of chemists involved in natural product, medicinal, and synthetic chemistry.

Chemistry. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Organic chemistry. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Natural products --- Enantiomers. --- Spectra. --- Antipodes, Optical --- Enantiomorphs --- Isomers, Mirror-image --- Mirror-image isomers --- Optical antipodes --- Optical isomers --- Chirality --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Biochemistry. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry

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Ptolemy's Almagest is one of the most influential scientific works in history. A masterpiece of technical exposition, it was the basic textbook of astronomy for more than a thousand years, and still is the main source for our knowledge of ancient astronomy. This translation, based on the standard Greek text of Heiberg, makes the work accessible to English readers in an intelligible and reliable form. It contains numerous corrections derived from medieval Arabic translations and extensive footnotes that take account of the great progress in understanding the work made in this century, due to the discovery of Babylonian records and other researches. It is designed to stand by itself as an interpretation of the original, but it will also be useful as an aid to reading the Greek text.

Astronomy --- Achilles, Isagoge. --- Britton, J. --- Calcidius. --- Canon Basileon. --- Dionysus. --- Empedocles. --- Euclid: Elements. --- Euktemon. --- Heiberg, J. L. --- Hephaestion, astrologer. --- Ideler, J. L. --- Lepsius, R. --- Medusa. --- Nabopolassar, king. --- Newton, R. --- Pollux, lexicographer. --- Porphyrius. --- Sachs, A. J. --- Sawyer, F. W. --- Syrus. --- Taliaferro, R. C. --- almanac, perpetual. --- antipodes. --- cosmology. --- fractions, Greek. --- meridian ring. --- motion, natural. --- ortive amplitude. --- plumb-line. --- van der Waerden, B. L.

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The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science.The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Chemistry. --- Medicine. --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Biomedicine general. --- Chromatographic analysis --- Enantiomers --- Isomerism --- Organic Chemistry Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Stereoisomerism --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Analysis --- Differentiation --- Stereochemistry, Molecular --- Molecular Stereochemistry --- Stereoisomers --- Stereoisomer --- Chemical Phenomenon --- Chemical Process --- Physical Chemistry Phenomena --- Physical Chemistry Process --- Physicochemical Phenomenon --- Physicochemical Process --- Chemical Concepts --- Chemical Processes --- Physical Chemistry Concepts --- Physical Chemistry Processes --- Physicochemical Concepts --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Physicochemical Processes --- Chemical Concept --- Chemistry Process, Physical --- Chemistry Processes, Physical --- Concept, Chemical --- Concept, Physical Chemistry --- Concept, Physicochemical --- Concepts, Chemical --- Concepts, Physical Chemistry --- Concepts, Physicochemical --- Phenomena, Chemical --- Phenomena, Physical Chemistry --- Phenomena, Physicochemical --- Phenomenon, Chemical --- Phenomenon, Physicochemical --- Physical Chemistry Concept --- Physicochemical Concept --- Process, Chemical --- Process, Physical Chemistry --- Process, Physicochemical --- Processes, Chemical --- Processes, Physical Chemistry --- Processes, Physicochemical --- Organic Chemistry Phenomenon --- Organic Chemistry Process --- Organic Chemistry Concepts --- Organic Chemistry Processes --- Chemistry Process, Organic --- Chemistry Processes, Organic --- Concept, Organic Chemistry --- Concepts, Organic Chemistry --- Organic Chemistry Concept --- Phenomena, Organic Chemistry --- Phenomenon, Organic Chemistry --- Process, Organic Chemistry --- Processes, Organic Chemistry --- Isomerisms --- Antipodes, Optical --- Enantiomorphs --- Isomers, Mirror-image --- Mirror-image isomers --- Optical antipodes --- Analysis, Chromatographic --- Chromatography --- Organic chemistry --- Analytic biochemistry --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Analytical chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Chromatographic analysis. --- Analysis. --- Differentiation. --- Optical isomers --- Chirality --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Phase partition --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce --- Analytical chemistry --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Medicine --- Analytical biochemistry --- Chemistry, Organic