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Book
Ketamine
Author:
ISBN: 9780262363600 0262363607 9780262542241 0262542242 Year: 2021 Publisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press,

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Abstract

"A complete and authoritative guide to the science of ketamine, the controversial yet current drug of choice for treating depression, a drug whose efficacy and impact is not yet well-established"--


Article
The antidepressant-like effects of neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists in a gerbil tail suspension test.
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2003

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Abstract

Recent clinical evidence supports the potential of neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists as novel antidepressant drugs. A number of NK1 antagonists have reduced affinity for rat and mouse NK1 receptors compared to human, making it difficult to test for efficacy in traditional animal models. NK1 antagonists, in general, have similar affinity at gerbil and human NK1 receptors. The aims of these studies were, first to validate the gerbil tail suspension test, a test used frequently to demonstrate antidepressant drug efficacy in mice, and second, to determine whether the test could be used to demonstrate the antidepressant potential of NK1 antagonists. Immobility time was reduced by oral administration of the antidepressants imipramine (3-30 mg/kg), desipramine (1-30 mg/kg), amitriptyline (30 mg/kg), fluoxetine (1-30 mg/kg), paroxetine (3-10 mg/kg), citalopram (0.1-3 mg/kg), sertraline (1-30 mg/kg), venlafaxine (1-30 mg/kg) and nefazodone (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, oral administration of the NK1 antagonists M K-869 (10 mg/kg), L-742,694 (110 mg/kg), L-733,060 (10 mg/kg), CP-99,994 (30 mg/kg), and CP-122,721 (3-30 mg/kg) reduced immobility time. Diazepam (1-10 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (1-10 mg/kg), buspirone (3-30 mgAg), FG-7142 (1-30 mg/kg), and haloperidol (1-10 mg/kg) did not reduce immobility. Amphetamine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and atropine (0.3-10 mg/kg) reduced immobility, suggesting susceptibility to false positives, e.g. compounds that affect locomotion. Compounds were therefore tested in a gerbil locomotor activity (LMA) test to ensure that the antidepressant-like effects were not secondary to effects on activity. Antidepressant drugs and NK1 antagonists had no effect on LMA at doses that reduced immobility, whereas amphetamine and atropine induced marked hyperactivity. These studies support both the utility of gerbils in behavioral pharmacology and the antidepressant potential of selective NK1 antagonists


Article
The gerbil elevated plus-maze I: Behavioral characterization and pharmacological validation.

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Abstract

Several neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists currently being developed for anxiety and depression have reduced affinity for the rat and mouse NK1 receptor compared with human. Consequently, it has proven difficult to test these agents in traditional rat and mouse models of anxiety and depression. This issue has been overcome, in part, by using non-traditional lab species such as the guinea pig and gerbil, which have NK1 receptors closer in homology to human NK1 receptors. However, there are very few reports describing the behavior of gerbils in traditional models of anxiety. The aim of the present study was to determine if the elevated plus-maze, a commonly used anxiety model, could be adapted for the gerbil. Using a specially-designed elevated plus-maze, gerbils exhibited an 'anxious' behavioral profile similar to that observed in rats and mice, i.e., reduced entries into, and time spent exploring, an open, aversive arm. The anxiolytic drugs diazepam (0.03-3 mg/kg i.p.), chlordiazepoxide (0.3-10 mg/kg i.p.), and buspirone (0.3-30 mg/kg s.c.) increased open arm exploration and produced anxiolytic-like effects on risk-assessment behaviors (reduced stretch-attend postures and increased head dips). Of particular interest, the antidepressant drugs imipramine (1-30 mg/kg p.o.),fluoxetine (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.) and paroxetine (0.3-10 mg/kg p.o.) each produced some acute anxiolytic-like activity, without affecting locomotor activity. The antipsychotic, haloperidol, and the psychostimulant, amphetamine, did not produce any anxiolytic-like effects (1-10 mg/kg s.c). The anxiogenic beta-carboline, FG-7142, reduced time spent in the open arm and head dips, and increased stretch-attend postures (1-30 mg/kg, i.p.). These studies have demonstrated that gerbils exhibit an anxiety-like profile on an elevated plus-maze, and that the gerbil elevated plus-maze may have predictive validity for anxiolytics, and antidepressants with potential anxiolytic-like effects. (C) 2002 American Colle

Psychotropic agents.
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3540098585 3642675409 3642675387 3540103007 3540103015 Year: 1982 Publisher: Berlin Springer


Book
The ethical treatment of depression : autonomy through psychotherapy
Author:
ISBN: 1283168812 9786613168818 0262295628 9780262295628 9781283168816 9780262015493 0262015498 0262294494 Year: 2011 Publisher: Cambridge,Mass. The MIT Press

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Abstract

Is there is a moral imperative on physicians to refer patients with mental depression for psychotherapy rather that treating the ailment with drugs? Psychotherapy, in particular cognitive behavior therapy, promotes autonomy & it is the loss of autonomy, argues Paul Biegler, that is at the heart of depression.

Keywords

Depression, Mental --- Cognitive therapy --- Autonomy (Psychology) --- Treatment --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Freedom (Psychology) --- Independence (Psychology) --- Self-determination (Psychology) --- Self-direction (Psychology) --- Cognitive-behavior therapy --- Cognitive-behavioral therapy --- Cognitive psychotherapy --- Dejection --- Depression, Unipolar --- Depressive disorder --- Depressive psychoses --- Melancholia --- Mental depression --- Unipolar depression --- Personal Autonomy. --- Cognitive Therapy --- Antidepressive Agents. --- Depressive Disorder --- Antidepressant Drugs --- Antidepressants --- Thymoanaleptics --- Thymoleptics --- Agents, Antidepressive --- Drugs, Antidepressant --- Depression --- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors --- Free Will --- Self Determination --- Autonomy, Personal --- Self Concept --- Professional Autonomy --- Paternalism --- Dependency (Psychology) --- Ego (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Psychotherapy --- Affective disorders --- Neurasthenia --- Neuroses --- Manic-depressive illness --- Melancholy --- Sadness --- ethics. --- therapy. --- Cognition Therapy --- Cognitive Behavior Therapy --- Cognitive Psychotherapy --- Therapy, Cognition --- Therapy, Cognitive --- Therapy, Cognitive Behavior --- Behavior Therapy, Cognitive --- Psychotherapy, Cognitive --- Behavior Therapies, Cognitive --- Behavioral Therapies, Cognitive --- Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive --- Cognition Therapies --- Cognitive Behavior Therapies --- Cognitive Behavioral Therapies --- Cognitive Psychotherapies --- Cognitive Therapies --- Psychotherapies, Cognitive --- Therapies, Cognition --- Therapies, Cognitive --- Therapies, Cognitive Behavior --- Therapies, Cognitive Behavioral --- Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral --- PHILOSOPHY/Philosophy of Mind/General --- COGNITIVE SCIENCES/Psychology/Cognitive Psychology --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Treatment&delete& --- Professional ethics. Deontology --- Psychiatry --- Bipolar disorder


Book
Prozak diaries : psychiatry and generational memory in Iran
Author:
ISBN: 9780804797429 0804797420 9780804799416 0804799415 9780804799591 0804799598 Year: 2016 Publisher: Stanford, Calif. Stanford University Press

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Abstract

Prozak Diaries is an analysis of emerging psychiatric discourses in post-1980s Iran. It examines a cultural shift in how people interpret and express their feeling states, by adopting the language of psychiatry, and shows how experiences that were once articulated in the richly layered poetics of the Persian language became, by the 1990s, part of a clinical discourse on mood and affect. In asking how psychiatric dialect becomes a language of everyday, the book analyzes cultural forms created by this clinical discourse, exploring individual, professional, and generational cultures of medicalization in various sites from clinical encounters and psychiatric training, to intimate interviews, works of art and media, and Persian blogs. Through the lens of psychiatry, the book reveals how historical experiences are negotiated and how generations are formed. Orkideh Behrouzan traces the historical circumstances that prompted the development of psychiatric discourses in Iran and reveals the ways in which they both reflect and actively shape Iranians' cultural sensibilities. A physician and an anthropologist, she combines clinical and anthropological perspectives in order to investigate the gray areas between memory and everyday life, between individual symptoms and generational remembering. Prozak Diaries offers an exploration of language as experience. In interpreting clinical and generational narratives, Behrouzan writes not only a history of psychiatry in contemporary Iran, but a story of how stories are told.

Keywords

Psychiatry --- Depression, Mental --- Youth --- Medical anthropology --- Depressive Disorder. --- Psychiatry. --- Anthropology, Medical. --- Antidepressive Agents. --- Adolescent. --- #SBIB:39A8 --- #SBIB:39A9 --- #SBIB:39A77 --- Adolescents --- Adolescents, Female --- Adolescents, Male --- Teenagers --- Teens --- Adolescence --- Adolescent, Female --- Adolescent, Male --- Female Adolescent --- Female Adolescents --- Male Adolescent --- Male Adolescents --- Teen --- Teenager --- Youths --- Minors --- Antidepressant Drugs --- Antidepressant --- Antidepressant Drug --- Antidepressants --- Antidepressive Agent --- Thymoanaleptic --- Thymoanaleptics --- Thymoleptic --- Thymoleptics --- Agent, Antidepressive --- Agents, Antidepressive --- Drug, Antidepressant --- Drugs, Antidepressant --- Depression --- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors --- Psychiatrists --- Psychiatrist --- Medical Anthropology --- Depression, Endogenous --- Depression, Neurotic --- Depression, Unipolar --- Depressive Syndrome --- Melancholia --- Neurosis, Depressive --- Unipolar Depression --- Depressions, Endogenous --- Depressions, Neurotic --- Depressions, Unipolar --- Depressive Disorders --- Depressive Neuroses --- Depressive Neurosis --- Depressive Syndromes --- Disorder, Depressive --- Disorders, Depressive --- Endogenous Depression --- Endogenous Depressions --- Melancholias --- Neuroses, Depressive --- Neurotic Depression --- Neurotic Depressions --- Syndrome, Depressive --- Syndromes, Depressive --- Unipolar Depressions --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Anthropology --- Young people --- Young persons --- Youngsters --- Age groups --- Life cycle, Human --- Dejection --- Depressive disorder --- Depressive psychoses --- Mental depression --- Unipolar depression --- Affective disorders --- Neurasthenia --- Neuroses --- Manic-depressive illness --- Melancholy --- Sadness --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Psychology. --- Antropologie: linguïstiek, audiovisuele cultuur, antropologie van media en representatie --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Etnografie: Noord-Afrika en het Midden-Oosten --- Anthropological aspects --- Iran. --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Sociology of culture --- Iran --- Depressive Disorder --- Anthropology, Medical --- Antidepressive Agents --- Adolescent --- Psychology --- Bipolar disorder

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