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Triticum aestivum --- Triticum aestivum --- Anther culture --- Anther culture --- Embryon androgenique --- Embryon androgenique

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Androgenesis --- Androgenesis --- culture media --- culture media --- In vitro culture --- In vitro culture --- Anther culture --- Anther culture --- Lagenaria siceraria --- Lagenaria siceraria

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Grain legumes, particularly those belonging to the genus Phaseolus, are considered to be recalcitrant to tissue culture. The objective of this thesis was to develop a protocol of anther in vitro culture of several Phaseolus species, by considering in priority factors which improve androgenesis induction. The effect of the following parameters was studied : genetic origin of the donor plants, conditions of culture, development stage of the microspores, composition of the culture media, concentration and density of the anthers in the medium and cold pre-treatment of the flower buds or of the anthers. The available protocols can be applied either to cultivated or to wild genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus and the donor plants must be cultivated in controlled conditions. The best results were obtained with anthers containing microspores at the uninucleated stage. The anther response was influenced by the composition of the medium and was the highest with media containing the salts of Murashige and Skoog, kinetin (2 mg. l-1), 2, 4-D (2 mg. l-1), a sugar (either sucrose or maltose at a concentration ranging from 1.25 to 2.5 %), the vitamins of the N6 medium, casein hydrolysate and agarose. The best conditions were obtained by growing 40 anthers in Petri dishes with a diameter of 55 mm containing 10 ml of medium, in the dark and at 26°C, with a cold pre-treatment of the flower buds for 1 or 2 days. Preliminary trials enabled the identification of factors which could improve plant regeneration : the choice of genotype and composition of the medium. Globular structures were observed on calli developed on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog's salts, abscissic acid (1-2 mg. l-1), sucrose (3 %), vitamins of the N6 medium, glutamine (100 mg. l-1), casein hydrolysate (2 g. l-1) and agarose (5 g. l-1). Finally, the ploidy level of the calli was determined by n-microfluorometry and showed a high frequency of haploid cells.

Phaseolus vulgaris --- Phaseolus vulgaris --- Phaseolus coccineus --- Phaseolus coccineus --- Anther culture --- Anther culture --- In vitro culture --- In vitro culture --- culture media --- culture media --- Variety trials --- Variety trials --- breeding methods --- breeding methods

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Pollen - Europa - Methode.

Pollen --- Grains, Pollen --- Pollen grains --- Pollinaria --- Anther --- Palynology --- Pollination --- Palynotaxonomy --- Morphology --- Palynologie. --- Pollen. --- Pollenanalyse --- Pollenanalyse. --- Morphology. --- Central Europe. --- Mitteleuropa.

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Pollen --- -Pollen --- -Spores (Botany) --- -Plants --- Spores (Botany) --- Plant cells and tissues --- Spores --- Palynology --- Plants --- Grains, Pollen --- Pollen grains --- Pollinaria --- Anther --- Pollination --- Atlases --- Reproduction --- -Atlases --- Plant spores