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Article
Year: 1967
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Aggression. --- Anosmic. --- Mice. --- Olfactory.
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We assessed the effect of olfactory cues on agemate discrimination between lambs, Ovis aries. In experiment 1, a local anaesthetic was sprayed into the nostrils of 2-3-week-old lambs to inhibit olfaction. To verify whether the treated animals were anosmic, they were tested for their responses to a food source tainted with the odour of dog faeces, a scent that is strongly avoided by intact lambs. In a simultaneous-choice test, lambs that were categorized as anosmic, i.e. that fed in the presence of dog faeces odour, responded preferentially to a familiar penmate over an alien agemate, indicating that olfaction is not essential for social discrimination. We then examined intact lambs' responses to pairs of agemates that were anaesthetized and partially hidden, thereby eliminating vocal and salient visual characteristics of the stimulus lambs, but allowing access to their odours. During the choice tests, subject lambs responded more positively to their familiar twin than to an unfamiliar, unrelated lamb, but they did not discriminate between a familiar, unrelated penmate and a strange stimulus lamb. Thus, olfactory cues appeared to be a sufficient basis for twin recognition in this context. We conclude that discrimination of a twin but failure to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar unrelated lambs probably reflects differential familiarity between twins and unrelated penmates, but perceptible similarities between the odour phenotypes of twins may also facilitate the discrimination
Access. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Anosmic. --- Choice test. --- Choice. --- Cues. --- Discriminate. --- Discrimination. --- Dog. --- Experiment. --- Faeces. --- Failure. --- Food. --- Lamb. --- Lambs. --- Odour. --- Olfaction. --- Olfactory cues. --- Olfactory. --- Recognition. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Scent. --- Social discrimination. --- Social. --- Stimulus. --- Test. --- Tests.
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We examined effects on the parental behaviour of male Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, of the sex and number of pups in a litter. Recent fathers interacting with foster litters consisting entirely of newborn males decreased the time that they spent in contact with a litter the greater the number of pups it contained. However, fathers that interacted with litters composed entirely of newborn females showed no change in the time they spent in contact with a litter as a function of its size. Fathers responded similarly to litters of 1- and 3-day-old female pups, but their responses to male pups changed from avoidance to approach as the age of males increased from 1 day to 3 days, and fathers made anosmic by intranasal administration of zinc-sulfate solution did not avoid neonatal litters. Results of a correlational study revealed that the more time males spent with newborn young during a 30-min test, the greater their latency to mate with their partners in postpartum oestrus and the shorter the duration of their mating effort during the 24 h immediately after parturition. We discuss these findings as consistent with the view that androgen-mediated olfactory stimuli produced by newborn male Mongolian gerbils make them unattractive to fathers, possibly functioning to increase the time that recent fathers mate-guard while their partners are in postpartum oestrus
Age. --- Anosmic. --- Avoidance. --- Behaviour. --- Contact. --- Control. --- Duration. --- Female. --- Females. --- Function. --- Gerbil. --- Gerbils. --- Increase. --- Male mongolian gerbils. --- Male. --- Males. --- Mating. --- Meriones unguiculatus. --- Meriones-unguiculatus. --- Mongolian gerbil. --- Mongolian gerbils. --- Mongolian-gerbil. --- Neonatal. --- Oestrus. --- Olfactory. --- Parental behaviour. --- Parturition. --- Pups. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Size. --- Stimuli. --- Test. --- Time. --- Unguiculatus. --- Young.
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