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At the end of the nineteenth century, some physicists believed that the basic principles underlying their subject were already known, and that physics in the future would only consist of filling in the details. They could hardly have been more wrong. The past century has seen the rise of quantum mechanics, relativity, cosmology, particle physics, and solid-state physics, among other fields. These subjects have fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, and matter. They have also transformed daily life, inspiring a technological revolution that has included the development of radio, television, lasers, nuclear power, and computers. In Quantum Generations, Helge Kragh, one of the world's leading historians of physics, presents a sweeping account of these extraordinary achievements of the past one hundred years. The first comprehensive one-volume history of twentieth-century physics, the book takes us from the discovery of X rays in the mid-1890s to superstring theory in the 1990s. Unlike most previous histories of physics, written either from a scientific perspective or from a social and institutional perspective, Quantum Generations combines both approaches. Kragh writes about pure science with the expertise of a trained physicist, while keeping the content accessible to nonspecialists and paying careful attention to practical uses of science, ranging from compact disks to bombs. As a historian, Kragh skillfully outlines the social and economic contexts that have shaped the field in the twentieth century. He writes, for example, about the impact of the two world wars, the fate of physics under Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin, the role of military research, the emerging leadership of the United States, and the backlash against science that began in the 1960s. He also shows how the revolutionary discoveries of scientists ranging from Einstein, Planck, and Bohr to Stephen Hawking have been built on the great traditions of earlier centuries. Combining a mastery of detail with a sure sense of the broad contours of historical change, Kragh has written a fitting tribute to the scientists who have played such a decisive role in the making of the modern world.

Physics --- History --- Abraham, Max. --- American Physical Society. --- Annalen der Physik. --- Bell Laboratories. --- Bethe, Hans. --- Born, Max. --- CERN. --- Debye, Peter. --- Dirac equation. --- Einstein, Albert. --- Fermi, Enrico. --- Franck, James. --- Gamow, George. --- General Electric. --- Heisenberg, Werner. --- Klein, Oskar. --- Marxism, and physics. --- Nobel prizes. --- Physical Review. --- big science. --- chemistry. --- complementarity principle. --- cosmology. --- electroweak theory. --- element formation. --- gravitation, theories of. --- high energy physics. --- journals of physics. --- leptons. --- transuranic elements.

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This richly annotated facsimile edition of "The Foundation of General Relativity" introduces a new generation of readers to Albert Einstein's theory of gravitation. Written in 1915, this remarkable document is a watershed in the history of physics and an enduring testament to the elegance and precision of Einstein's thought. Presented here is a beautiful facsimile of Einstein's original handwritten manuscript, along with its English translation and an insightful page-by-page commentary that places the work in historical and scientific context. Hanoch Gutfreund and Jürgen Renn's concise introduction traces Einstein's intellectual odyssey from special to general relativity, and their essay "The Charm of a Manuscript" provides a delightful meditation on the varied afterlife of Einstein's text. Featuring a foreword by John Stachel, this handsome edition also includes a biographical glossary of the figures discussed in the book, a comprehensive bibliography, suggestions for further reading, and numerous photos and illustrations throughout.

General relativity (Physics) --- Relativistic theory of gravitation --- Relativity theory, General --- Gravitation --- Physics --- Relativity (Physics) --- History --- Einstein, Albert, --- General relativity (Physics) - History - 20th century --- Einstein, Albert, - 1879-1955. - Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. - English --- Albert Einstein Archives. --- Albert Einstein. --- Annalen der Physik. --- David Hilbert. --- Einstein-Besso manuscript. --- Einstein-Grossmann Entwurf paper. --- Entwurf theory. --- Hebrew University. --- Heinrich Loewe. --- Isaac Newton. --- Schwarzschild solution. --- The Foundation of General Relativity. --- Wilhelm Wien. --- Zurich Notebook. --- absolute space. --- astronomy. --- black holes. --- coordinates. --- cosmology. --- equations of motion. --- equivalence principle. --- general theory of relativity. --- gravitational field. --- heuristics. --- laws of conservation. --- manuscript. --- physics. --- rods. --- spacetime. --- special relativity. --- special theory of relativity. --- tensors. --- theory of gravitation.