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Through a review of the literature, this paper examines the links of food and agriculture with nutrition in South Asia, a region characterized by a high level of malnutrition. The review finds that the level and stability of food prices play a critical part in food consumption, with rising prices affecting poor households the most. Although public food transfer programs are aimed at addressing this, most are too small to have a marked effect in protecting or promoting nutrition. Several supply-side food and agricultural interventions suggest promise in improving nutrition, although their effects have yet to be well identified. These include the cultivation of home gardens, animal farming, and use of biofortification and post-harvest fortification. All these efforts will be futile, however, without parallel efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Agriculture --- Animal Farming --- Biofortification --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change and Health --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Environment --- Food --- Food Prices --- Food Security --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Malnutrition --- Nutrition --- Science of Climate Change

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« Les tessons du canari ne sont plus immobiles », disent les Sereer. Dans les campagnes du Sine, au centre-ouest du Sénégal, les tessons de poteries qui jonchent les aires villageoises symbolisent la socialisation et la sacralisation anciennes des lieux ; ils témoignent de l’attachement des paysans sereer à leur terroir. Or, ce confinement dans les vieux pays a cessé, les jeunes gens partent travailler dans les Terres neuves situées à l’est et s’y fixent. Cette mobilité géographique s’accompagne de changements de tous ordres qui mettent à mal les représentations anciennes quelque peu figées du système agraire et de la société rurale des Sereer du Sine. Dans les Terres neuves, une dynamique socio-économique très forte se fonde sur l’extension des espaces productifs et offre des possibilités d’enrichissement aux paysans. Toutefois, les potentiels de production ne semblent guère ménagés pour l’avenir. Les terres de ces exploitants qui n’ont pas rompu avec ceux du Sine constituent un élargissement de l’espace agro-pastoral sereer.

Serer (African people). --- Farmers --- Agriculture --- Ethnology --- Senegal --- Rural conditions. --- Economics --- Planning & Development --- Sénégal --- changement social --- terroir --- système agraire --- foncier rural --- société rurale --- dynamique de population --- paysannerie --- système de production --- colonisation agricole --- savoir --- crise agricole --- stratégie paysanne --- migration rurale --- arachide --- zone soudano-sahélienne --- Sereer in Sine and Terres neuves --- Landholding tension --- Agricultural and animal farming practices --- Food and peanuts productions --- Social mobilities

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Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- pig weight --- body size --- estimation --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- pig identification --- mask scoring R-CNN --- soft-NMS --- group-housed pigs --- audio --- dairy cow --- mastication --- jaw movement --- forage management --- precision livestock management --- equine behavior --- wearable sensor --- intermodality interaction --- class-balanced focal loss --- absorbing Markov chain --- cow behavior analysis --- prediction of calving time --- cow identification --- EfficientDet --- YOLACT++ --- cascaded model --- instance segmentation --- generative adversarial network --- machine learning --- automated medical image processing --- deep neural network --- animal science --- CT scans --- computer vision --- cow --- extensive livestock --- sensorized wearable device --- monitoring --- parturition prediction --- radar sensors --- radar signal processing --- animal farming --- computational ethology --- signal classification --- wavelet analysis --- dairy welfare --- hierarchical clustering --- mutual information --- precision livestock farming --- time budgets --- unsupervised machine learning --- wearables design --- animal-centered design --- animal telemetry --- modularity --- smart collar --- design contributions --- additive manufacturing --- low-frequency tracking --- commercial aviary --- laying hens --- false registrations --- tree-based classifier --- animal behaviour