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This handbook presents a compilation of plant histopathology laboratory practices and microscopy techniques for study plant tissues under biotic stress. It will serve as an easy-to-reference material for professors, undergraduate and graduate students and researchers from different areas who work with the interaction between plants and pathogens, whether they are fungi, viruses or bacteria. Besides, it will also help unveil the structural, ultrastructural and histochemical changes induced by plants when challenged by plant pathogens.

Histology, Pathological. --- Histopathology --- Pathological histology --- Histology --- Pathology --- Botany. --- Biology --- Cytology. --- Imaging systems in biology. --- Plant Science. --- Biological Techniques. --- Cell Biology. --- Biological Imaging. --- Technique. --- Biological imaging systems --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Botanical science --- Floristic botany --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms. --- Plant diseases. --- Patologia vegetal --- Microorganismes fitopatògens --- Histopatologia --- Anatomia vegetal

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This fourth edition provides new and updated protocols on plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures. Chapters are divided into five parts that cover topics from general methodologies, statistical analysis and contamination control, highly specialized techniques, and laborious process of measuring the epigenetics changes in tissue cultures. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Cell Culture Protocols, Fourth Edition aims to serve both professionals and novices with its guide to the most common and applicable techniques and methods for plant tissue and cell culture.

Botany. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Floristic botany --- Cèl·lules i teixits vegetals --- Manuals de laboratori --- Protocols clínics --- Plans d'actuació mèdica --- Protocols en medicina --- Protocols de diagnòstic clínic --- Protocols mèdics --- Protocols terapèutics --- Medicina clínica --- Històries clíniques --- Protocols d'infermeria --- Tècniques de laboratori --- Cèl·lules vegetals --- Histologia vegetal --- Teixits vegetals --- Anatomia vegetal --- Cèl·lules --- Teixits (Histologia) --- Espores de plantes --- Parets cel·lulars vegetals --- Sistema vascular de les plantes --- Xilema

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This edited volume is an extensive collection of methods for investigating plant litter dynamics in ecosystems. Particular emphasis is placed on litter decomposition in streams and rivers. The presented methods range from analyses of chemical and physical litter properties to the taxonomic and functional characterization of microbial decomposers, both fungi and bacteria, assessments of litter-consuming invertebrates, and procedures to determine litter dynamics at the stream ecosystem level. Several chapters addressing general topics of data analysis are also included. This second edition of the book has been greatly expanded. Its now 63 chapters cover both well-established and recently elaborated techniques, some of which have not yet been applied to decomposing litter in streams. Modern molecular techniques ranging from next-generation sequencing to proteomics receive special attention among the 20 chapters that are entirely new. Numerous methods on characterizing litter consumers have also been added to fill an evident gap of the first edition. However, the basic original concept and all of the previous chapters have been retained, although most of them have been thoroughly updated. Typical contributions provide step-by-step protocols that are preceded by brief reviews of the ecological significance and the principles underlying the method. Where available, short compilations of published data have been added in overview tables to provide background information on the range of results to expect. Useful hints, a discussion of potential weaknesses, and key references are provided at the end. Hands-on material useful to implement several of the presented methods (e.g. computer code, calculation sheets) is available online. The book is written for students embarking on studies of plant litter dynamics and for established researchers wishing to expand the scope of their methodological toolbox to study litter decomposition and the microbial decomposers and invertebrates involved in the process. The primary intended audience is aquatic ecologists, since many of the methods presented in the book focus on streams and stream organisms. However, the great majority of the protocols can be easily adapted or even directly applied to coastal and terrestrial ecosystems. Consequently, they should be of equal interest to scientists investigating plant litter dynamics in habitats such as mangroves and salt-marshes, terrestrial grasslands and forests.

Ecosystems. --- Microbial ecology. --- Aquatic ecology . --- Geobiology. --- Biodiversity. --- Biology—Technique. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Biogeosciences. --- Biological Techniques. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Biogeography. --- Plant litter --- Biodegradation. --- Biodegradation --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Geography --- Geographical distribution --- Fulles --- Biodegradació --- Biocorrosió --- Biodeterioració --- Corrosió biològica --- Degradació biològica --- Descomposició (Biologia) --- Bioquímica --- Descomposició (Química) --- Bioremediació --- Enzims microbians --- Tractament biològic de depuració d'aigües residuals --- Fullatge --- Anatomia vegetal --- Defoliació

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Biology. --- Life sciences --- Biomass --- Life (Biology) --- Natural history --- Botànica --- Llavors --- Productes agrícoles --- Multiplicació de les plantes --- Biologia de les plantes --- Biologia vegetal --- Fitografia --- Fitologia --- Regne vegetal --- Ciències de la vida --- Ciències naturals --- Estudi de la natura --- Anatomia vegetal --- Arbres --- Arbustos --- Botànica econòmica --- Botànica forense --- Botànica mèdica --- Briologia --- Etnobotànica --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Ficologia --- Fisiologia vegetal --- Fitogeografia --- Flora --- Floricultura --- Flors --- Fruita --- Herbaris --- Hibridació vegetal --- Micologia --- Paleobotànica --- Palinologia --- Taxonomia botànica --- Variació (Biologia) --- Plantes --- Producció agrícola --- Agricultura --- Aliments --- Primeres matèries --- Cereals --- Collites --- Fruita seca --- Hortalisses --- Productes vegetals --- Tabac --- Conreu --- Residus agrícoles

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This book provides an overview of the latest advances concerning symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes, and their applications in plant productivity and agricultural sustainability. Symbiosis is a living phenomenon including dynamic variations in the genome, metabolism and signaling network, and adopting a multidirectional perspective on their interactions is required when studying symbiotic organisms. Although various plant-microbe symbiotic systems are covered in this book, it especially focuses on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis and root nodule symbiosis, the two most prevalent systems. AM symbiosis involves the most extensive interaction between plants and microbes, in the context of phylogeny and ecology. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition, as well as the diversity of natural ecosystems, are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. In turn, root nodule symbiosis includes morphogenesis and is formed by communication between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The biotechnological application of plant–microbe symbiosis is expected to foster the production of agricultural and horticultural products while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems. Designed as a hands-on guide, this book offers an essential resource for researchers and students in the areas of agri-biotechnology, soil biology and fungal biology.

Microbiology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Mycorrhizas. --- Plant-microbe relationships. --- Plant-microbe interactions --- Mycorhiza --- Mycorhizas --- Mycorrhiza --- Mycorrhizae --- Symbiosis --- Roots (Botany) --- Bacteriology --- Floristic botany --- Microbiologia --- Botànica --- Simbiosi --- Biologia --- Micorrizes --- Mutualisme (Biologia) --- Ecologia --- Biologia de les plantes --- Biologia vegetal --- Fitografia --- Fitologia --- Regne vegetal --- Ciències de la vida --- Ciències naturals --- Estudi de la natura --- Anatomia vegetal --- Arbres --- Arbustos --- Botànica econòmica --- Botànica forense --- Botànica mèdica --- Briologia --- Etnobotànica --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Ficologia --- Fisiologia vegetal --- Fitogeografia --- Flora --- Floricultura --- Flors --- Fruita --- Herbaris --- Hibridació vegetal --- Llavors --- Micologia --- Paleobotànica --- Palinologia --- Taxonomia botànica --- Variació (Biologia) --- Plantes --- Bacteriologia --- Ecologia microbiana --- Genètica microbiana --- Microbiologia agrícola --- Microbiologia aquàtica --- Microbiologia dels sòls --- Microbiologia mèdica --- Microbiologia molecular --- Protozous --- Química microbiològica --- Virologia --- Microorganismes --- Microscòpia